CRISPR-Cas System: Next Generation Genome Editing Tool

Abstract

CRISPR-Cas system provides sequence specific adaptive immunity against phages and mobile genetic elements. Resistance is acquired following phage infection or plasmid uptake when short specific sequence is added into CRSIPR array. This complex guides cRNA to target complementary DNA fragments and target its degradation. CRISPR array is then transcribed and processed into cRNA which forms complex with cas protein. The ability of CRISPR-Cas system to induce site specific DNA breaks makes it suitable candidate for genome editing. Although CRISPR-Cas genome editing is relatively unexplored and under-represented in eukaryotic systems, but recent work in CRISPR-Cas genome editing all over the world provides valuable insights for widespread future applicability of it i.e. genetically modified plants, therapeutic design, gene surgery, fuel, animal model and genetic variations. This review emphasizes on molecular events involved in CRISPR-Cas system and recent progress in applicability of this system in genome editing.

Keywords: CRISPR-Cas, genome editing, PAM, acquired immunity, cRNA

Cite this Article

Monika, Rahul Kumar Meena, Leela Wati. CRISPR-Cas System: Next Generation Genome Editing Tool. Research & Reviews: A Journal of Biotechnology. 2016; 6(2): 10–16p.