Focus and Scope Covers · Power Generation · Transmission & Conversion · Electrical Machinery · Control Theory & Industrial Controls · Robotics · Electrical Transportation Equipments · Insulation, Solar Energy, High-power Semiconductors · Economic & Environmental Aspects of Energy Production and Distribution All contributions to the journal are rigorously refereed and are selected on the basis of quality and originality of the work. The journal publishes the most significant new research papers or any other original contribution in the form of reviews and reports on new concepts in all areas pertaining to its scope and research being done in the world, thus ensuring its scientific priority and significance.
Declaration and Copyright Transfer Form (to be completed by authors) I/ We, the undersigned author(s) of the submitted manuscript, hereby declare, that the above manuscript which is submitted for publication in the STM Journals(s), is not published already in part or whole (except in the form of abstract) in any journal or magazine for private or public circulation, and, is not under consideration of publication elsewhere. · I/We will not withdraw the manuscript after 1 week of submission as I have read the Author Guidelines and will adhere to the guidelines. · I/We Author(s ) have niether given nor will give this manuscript elsewhere for publishing after submitting in STM Journal(s). · I/ We have read the original version of the manuscript and am/ are responsible for the thought contents embodied in it. The work dealt in the manuscript is my/ our own, and my/ our individual contribution to this work is significant enough to qualify for authorship. · I/We also agree to the authorship of the article in the following order: Author’s name 1. ________________ 2. ________________ 3. ________________ 4. _______________ We Author(s) tick this box and would request you to consider it as our signature as we agree to the terms of this Copyright Notice, which will apply to this submission if and when it is published by this journal.
Voltage Stability Study based on New Evolutionary Algorithm
This paper describes a PSO optimization algorithm for voltage stability study and its enhancement based on proximity and mechanism analysis. This theorem is implemented based on Gershgorin’s Circle Theorem. The control variables responsible for enhancing the voltage stability limit are generator bus voltages at PV buses, the taps of On-Load –Tap-Changing Transformer. (OLTC), change in reactive power etc. The objective function of proposed algorithm is to maximize the minimal diagonal entries of Reduced Jacobean matrix. This diagonal element of Reduced Jacobean Matrix is maximized within its upper and lower limit of voltages, load angle, line losses, line flows etc. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) has been used to get optimal solution. The developed algorithm has been implemented on IEEE-14 and IEEE-30 bus test system and compared the results with BBPSO method. The outcomes of PSO have proved the better effectiveness and easy way of finding the solution of optimization of proposed problem compared to BBPSO. The simulation for parameter optimization has been approved with computational tool like MATLAB10. Keywords: Gershgorin, circular, PSO, BBPSO, eigen value, voltage stability Cite this Article V.R.Patel, B.N.Suthar.. Voltage Stability Study Based on New Evolutionary Algorithm. Trends in Electrical Engineering. 2017; 7(2): 21–31p.
A Survey on Microgrid Power Control and Management Technique for Distributed Power Generator Units
The micro grid could consist of several configurations of renewable and non-renewable energy sources like solar photo-voltaic cell (PV) array that varies with the utility because of the fluctuations in primary power generation unit. Such integration of renewable energy reserves within the micro grid may well be accustomed in order to supplement the gap caused by variability in the power generation. The control and power management methods for the distributed power generation (DPG) inverters employs a brand new model based on predictive management rule to avail power distribution services in much faster computational time, that too for large scale power systems by optimizing the steady-state and also the transient control challenge on an individual basis. This study presents a survey of control and management techniques for micro-grid consisting of various DPG units. Herein, we summarizes several management schemes and methodologies used for the DPG inverter that decomposes the control downside into steady-state and transient sub issues so as to cut back the general computation time in order to form the stability of power distribution system with additive responsiveness. Keywords: Energy management, microgrid, renewable power source Cite this Article Kirti Yadav, Uma Shankar Patel. A Survey on Microgrid Power Control and Management Technique for Distributed Power Generator Units. Trends in Electrical Engineering. 2017; 7(2): 47–55p.
Review of Grid Scale Energy Storage Systems
Utilization of battery energy storage systems (BESS) is a must for smart grids. The reason being the fact that the current power distribution system of electric grids produces vast amount of energy for marinating a power quality; thereby leading to the significant detachment of amount of energy consumed and that of produced. Thus, enhanced modelling for such storage system is required for efficient energy utilization and its subsequent monitoring. This study presents an outline of battery management system (BMS) which dictates the usage of energy storage system. By the deployment of such BMS the inefficiencies and waste in electric grids can be curbed. Keywords: Grid storage system, battery energy storage systems, control systems, electric grid Cite this Article Archana Sahu, Uma Shankar Patel. Review of Grid Scale Energy Storage Systems. Trends in Electrical Engineering. 2017; 7(2): 32–46p.
Design and Simulation of Maximum Power Point Tracking Solar Battery Charge Controller
As solar energy is a renewable energy that has the capacity to lessen energy crisis in the world, so there is a strong need to harvest and utilize this energy. This paper describes the simulation of a solar energy based MPPT battery charger controller and a protection system will also be integrated with the design. The proposed design uses PID controller based voltage and current controller for battery charging circuit. Also it controls the operation of a buck-boost DC-DC converter in order to draw maximum power from the PV panel. Perturb and Observe algorithm is used to operate the circuit at maximum power point irrespective of the present temperature and irradiance conditions of the PV panel. The battery is used to store the solar power so as to get energy when required and as per use i.e. if AC, then an inverter can be connected after the battery and if DC, then a DC-DC converter can be used according to need. The proposed design is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink. Keywords: MPPT, PV panel, perturb and observe, PID controller, EMI filter, solar charge controller Cite this Article Shohel Sanower, Ahmed Mortuza Saleque. Design and Simulation of Maximum Power Point Tracking Solar Battery Charge Controller. Trends in Electrical Engineering. 2017; 7(2): 11–20p.
An Improvement of Voltage Stability by Generator Bus Rescheduling
This paper focuses on assessment and improvement of voltage stability by Georgeoschrin’s theorem using new evolutionary TLBO and PSO algorithm. In today’s environment, voltage stability maintained without sacrificing the power system parameters is really a herculean task. Generally, eigen value of reduced Jacobian matrix or Jacobian matrix of N-R base load flow analysis is well thought-out as voltage stability indices for weak bus identification. Here, the diagonal elements reduced Jacobian matrix of N-R based load flow study have been approximated as eigen values and then same have been optimized with TLBO and PSO. The generator bus voltage and tapings of tap changing transformer have been considered as control parameters for improving voltage stability. TLBO and PSO method has been implemented on two standard IEEE-14 and IEEE-30 bus systems to optimize the control parameters in addition to diagonal elements of reduced Jacobian matrix. It gives the useful information to the operator from security view point. Results indicate the effectiveness of these algorithms for solving voltage stability analysis based on Georgeoschrin’s theorem. The simulation for parameter optimization has been approved with computational tool like MATLAB10. Keywords: TLBO, PSO, eigen value, inclusion, voltage stability Cite this Article Patel VR, Suthar BN. An Improvement of Voltage Stability by Generator Bus Rescheduling. Trends in Electrical Engineering. 2017; 7(2): 1–10p.
Aspect of Power Transformer Design and Optimization
Transformer is one of the most important components of power system. Preliminarily it looks a simple device but from analysis and innovative point of view it is the big bank of engineering, which comprises civil, mechanical, chemical and electrical engineering. It’s the time of taking challenges and respective solution of minimizing cost of transformer without affecting customer specifications. This is only possible by design optimization process. Optimization is the process of making something better. Problems in engineering, economics and physical and social sciences entail the optimization (minimization or maximization) of an objective function subject to certain constraints (restrictions and tradeoffs). This paper deals with modern design optimization of core type power transformers. Different methods are presented to solve important transformer design problems. Keywords: Transformer design, tranmsformer design optimization(TDO), magnetic circuit, no-load losses, efficiency, sequential quadratic programming (SQP), MATLAB, TDO by iterative method Cite this Article Chirag Parekh, Chetan Kotwal, Hiral Upadhyay. Aspect of Power Transformer Design and Optimization. Trends in Electrical Engineering. 2017; 7(1): 8–18p.
Our project is about automation of old milling machine by replacing its control circuitry with PLC logic. There is one old Germen rack milling machine in the power tools manufacturing industry named Eibenstock Positron Ltd. Tardal for making the racks of metal bar. This machine was working on old hard wired control logic. This control logic had difficulties in troubleshooting problems, modification of system could not be done easily and control box was large, also complicated. In that machine, we replaced hard wire control logic by PLC based control logic. The mechanical components remained same but we used new electrical components to make compatible with PLC. The ‘Eibenstock Positron’ is power tools manufacturing industry; there, different types of machines are assembled. These machines include drilling, screwing, mixing, cutting etc. In magnetic drill machines, for vertical movement of drill head, instead of smooth slider, racked slider is used. Rack slider helps not only for momentary action but also stays in steady position while operating against vibrations created by the drilling action. Keywords: PLC, relay, reed switch, 3-phase motor, SMPS, proximity sensor, contactors Cite this Article Suraj Deshmane, Mayuresh Kadam, Patil PR et al. Automation of Rack Milling Machine. Trends in Electrical Engineering. 2017; 7(1): 48–50p.
An Interline Dynamic Voltage Restorer (IDVR) To Mitigate Voltage Sags
Nonlinear load are the vast source for voltage sags. Loads such as arc furnace, large variable frequency drives (VFD) Voltage interruptions can cause severe economic loss to the power system. To protect sensitive loads at the consumer side generally a DVR (dynamic voltage restorer) can be used. DVR is connected in series with the line by injection transformer and it is generally located at the distribution side. DVR is basically a power electronic device, which has become popular in protecting industries against voltage disturbances. DVR injects an appropriate voltage in series with the supply voltage through the injection transformer if the voltage sag is detected. By using DVR we can improve the power transfer ability and also the transient stability of the distribution system. Nowadays instead of using a single DVR we can use an IDVR (interline dynamic voltage restorer), which can be connected between two feeders. Keywords: IDVR, DC link voltage, DVR, VFD Cite this Article Komal R. Bhosale, Chandrakant R. Lakade. An Interline Dynamic Voltage Restorer (IDVR) To Mitigate Voltage Sags. Trends in Electrical Engineering. 2017; 7(1): 1–7p.
Power Swing Detection and Out-of-step Prediction Using the Equal Area Criterion
During the operating conditions, the modern interconnected power systems are more subjected sudden changes, such as faults, network changes due to line trip outs, and disconnection of a large load or of a generating plant. Such disturbaces create power swing amongs the other generators which forces the remaining generators to adjust and settle to new stable conditions. In some cases, the swings are so large that some generators run out of step and lose synchronism. During stable power swing, if the measured impedance becomes very small and enters the distance relay zones, it can lead to an undesired trip of the distance relay. So, fast and proper detection of power swing and fault is very important for distance protection. It is also very important to distinguish between stable and unstable power swings. So, many different methods are used for detrection. This paper presents a new approach bsed on equal area criterion to detect system stability. The fundamentals and its application to detect fault and power swing are discussed in this paper. With the help of MATLAB/SIMULINK simulations technique, we can also distinguish stable and unstable power swing correctly, which is very useful for setting of out of step blocking (OSB) and out of step tripping (OST) functions. Keywords: Distance protection, stable and unstable power swing, loss of synchronism, equal area criterion Cite this Article Upadhyay VJ, Pandya AS. Power Swing Detection and Out-of-step Prediction Using the Equal Area Criterion. Trends in Electrical Engineering. 2017; 7(1): 51–60p.
Topology, Operation and Control of Modular Multilevel Converter for Grid Application: A Review
Modular multilevel converter (MMC) is a widely accepted technology for high voltage direct-current (HVDC) application. Due to its modularity, scalability, power quality, and no need of bulky filter on ac side, they are widely used as voltage source converters in HVDC applications. This paper presents a comprehensive study on MMC technology for grid applications along with different modulation techniques and voltage balancing strategies which are essential for the converter to work as a rectifier or an inverter. The paper provides a general overview of the topology along with the operation of MMC. The main focus of the paper is on the control strategy of the MMC. Out of all the available topologies, the most suitable strategy is discussed and highlighted. Keywords: Modular multilevel converter (MMC) modulation techniques, circulating current control, high-voltage direct-current transmission, capacitor voltage balancing Cite this Article Rajnish Bhasker, Vineeta Agarwal. Topology, Operation and Control of Modular Multilevel Converter for Grid Application: A Review. Trends in Electrical Engineering. 2017; 7(1): 25–47p.
Home Automation System using Android Application
Automation systems are getting popularity now days and are being used at various places. This proposed system focuses on the need of the handicapped people and also can control home appliances from outdoor as well as indoor location which is the main aim of this project. It is able to control electrical appliances by using android App, but it can be designed for specific application depending on the user’s needs, while reducing the electricity wastage by giving user the power to control, conserve and react according to his needs. In this system, home appliances are controlled by GSM (global system for mobile communication) technology and Wi-Fi technology. GSM is used in cases when controlling is necessary from long distance from a home and Wi-Fi is used when controlling from nearby the home. This system is wireless controlled system. Keywords: Home automation, GSM, ARM7, Wi-Fi, android mobile Cite this Article Gawade Devdas, Burungale Dhanaji, Mali Vaibhav et al. Home Automation System using Android Application. Trends in Electrical Engineering. 2017; 7(1): 19–24p.
Safety System Analysis of Nuclear Power Plant in Bangladesh
In this paper, the safety system and safeguards of the model VVER-1000, which is a Gen-III pressurized water reactor, designed by ROASTAM and chosen to be implemented in Bangladesh, will be analyzed. Several predefined major faults have been set to demonstrate the performance in preventing the release of harmful radiation. From simulation results, it has been observed that for moderator dilution, the malfunction is neutralized within 115 sec, for turbine trip, the malfunction is neutralized within 115 sec, for loss of AC power, the malfunction is neutralized within 53 sec, for loss of coolant accident (Cold Leg), the malfunction is neutralized within 76 sec, for loss of coolant accident (Hot Leg), the malfunction is neutralized within 53 sec, for steam turbine break inside the containment, the malfunction is neutralized within 78 sec and for steam turbine break outside the containment, the malfunction is neutralized within 110 sec. Keywords: Safeguards, VVER-1000, ROASTAM, malfunction, neutralized Cite this Article Ayesha Siddika Anika, Tanseer Ali M. Safety System Analysis of Nuclear Power Plant in Bangladesh. Trends in Electrical Engineering. 2016; 6(3): 11–25p.
Reactive Power Pricing Technique in A Competitive Market
For maintaining voltages of each bus within specific range, proper reactive power support is mandatory. Reactive power is considered as an ancillary service in the restructured electricity market, hence it is price based service and controlled by ISO. Here, a modified optimal power flow (OPF) optimization method is proposed over the bids received from Gencos and to maintain the system security and stability subject to the constraints imposed by different limits such as thermal limits, voltage limits and stability limits. The modified OPF model is used to ensure the system security and the expected payment function (EPF) of generators is considered to develop a bidding framework. Total payment function (TPF) based OPF is taken to clear the pay-as-bid (PAB) market. In the present work, a 24 bus RTS network is used for analysis and demonstration of the results. The system security is preserved even in the worst contingency state. Keywords: Reactive power pricing, pay-as-bid, ancillary services, contingency analysis, reliability test system, GAMS, reactive power procurement, payment function Cite this Article Gupta SK, Ratneshwaram Krishnam, Diksha Gupta. Reactive Power Pricing Technique in a Competitive Market. Trends in Electrical Engineering. 2016; 6(3): 89–100p.
Application of Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm for Multiobjective Optimal Design of Distribution Transformer
In today’s competitive environment, transformer manufacturers are faced with the exigent task of yielding optimum performance at lowest cost. Considering the aspect of energy shortage and increase in its cost, the complexity of achieving the optimal balance between transformer manufacturing costs and transformer performance is a herculean task, demanding great amount of attempts to reach satisfactory results. To cater with the problem of minimizing transformer losses and cost simultaneously, this paper deals with multiobjective optimization of distribution transformer using binary coded nondominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II). The design procedure takes into account three objectives: active part cost, no-load losses and load losses of a distribution transformer. Elitist nondominated sorting and crowding distance are used to obtain pareto optimal solutions. Results indicate the potential of NSGA-II in maintaining diversity among solutions. To enable the decision maker (DM) to make a choice between different pareto-optimal solutions, TOPSIS (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) technique is then suggested for obtaining best compromise solution among nondominated solutions. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been demonstrated on 100 kVA distribution transformer. Keywords: Multiobjective optimal transformer design, Pareto-optimal solutions, NSGA-II, TOPSIS Cite this Article Mehta HD, Rajesh Patel. Application of Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm. Trends in Electrical Engineering. 2016; 6(3): 44–57p.
Navigation System for Robots Using Passive RFID with Wireless Feature Changing on ARM7 (LPC2148) Platform
RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology is well known for being easy to use and the features possessed. Mostly it is used for security or authentication purpose as each RFID contains a unique identification code. This unique identification feature can also be used in different ways. The study of other RFID techniques will be helpful for better service and security. The navigation system for robots using RFID is proposed in this paper. The movements of the robots completely depend on the RFID tags which are to be scanned. In addition to this, another feature of changing the duties, which are assigned to the particular RFID’s identification, is also added. Keywords: RFID (Radio Frequency Identification), LPC2148, RFID tags, CC2500 tran-receiver Cite this Article Asha Gaikwad, Nikita Satpute, Prachi Jeevane et al. Navigation System for Robots Using Passive RFID with Wireless Feature Changing on ARM7 (LPC2148) Platform. Trends in Electrical Engineering. 2016; 6(3): 58–66p.
A Study of Cycloconverter Gating Sequence and Control Strategy for Various Conversion Topology
This paper presents the topology of direct conversion of AC-AC with step down frequency operation. Due to the higher order harmonics, AC conversion always faces difficulty and complex calculation, which affects the output response. Precise controlling and harmonics reduction is much easier using frequency control strategy. In this regards cycloconverter has drawn higher attention in terms of frequency conversion. In this paper, an approach for designing of single phase and three phase cycloconverter is reported. The gating sequence has been designed for desired frequency conversion. Again, the performance of the designed converters is evaluated using Matlab/Simulink software for different types of loads. The rotor speed of induction motor (IM) is observed here as a dynamic AC load. The complete description of the models for the frequency conversion is provided and simulation results for resistive, inductive and motor validate the developed strategy. Keywords: Cycloconverter, frequency conversion, firing angle, induction motor, harmonics Cite this Article Jahid Khan Tuhin, Md. Foyez Ahmed, Tahmid Shahriar et al. Application of Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm. Trends in Electrical Engineering. 2016; 6(3): 67–77p.
Economic Efficient Dispatch Solution with Pollution Control Technique Using Genetic Algorithm
In this paper,an attempt has been made to create a hybrid power system with the available sources of energy to generate power in most efficient, economical, emission-less and in a sustainable way. It is a continuation of the research article Vol. 6, Issue. 1, TEE(2016), pp. 10-16. It is important to utilize the renewable sources of power generation since the global power demand is increasing very rapidly along with the environmental pollution. It is high time to swap the thermal generators with renewable sources i.e. reduce the burden on thermal power plants and utilize the other means of power. India has the potential of becoming an independent pollution free power producer. In this paper, Modelling of a Renewable System with Solar and Wind power generations have been made using Simulink. Power generated in renewable system is utilised and then Combined Economic Efficient Emission Dispatch is performed before and after combining a solar-wind system to thermal power system using Genetic Algorithm and burdens have been reduced. In this way, an initiation can be done to swap the primary power generation (thermal) with secondary power systems (renewable).
Multi-Attribute Based Optimal Location of Renewable Energy Sources in Deregulated Power Sector
Integration of renewable energy into power grid has great importance for the electrical power system. Several methods have been developed to determine the optimal location of renewable energy sources in the power system based on technical and economical aspects. In the present paper, the optimum location of renewable energy sources has been determined by considering social benefit, power loss and pollutant emission. A prominent optimization technique, primal-dual interior point method (PDIPM) has been applied for maximizing the social benefit. A multi-attribute approach has been used for optimal location of renewable energy generators by considering various factors like minimizing power loss, and pollutant emission. Furthermore, the availability of renewal sources like solar and wind has also been considered in this paper for optimal location of renewable generators. This approach is validated on IEEE-5 and IEEE-30 bus systems. Keywords: Social benefit, pollutant emission, power losses, optimal location of RESs Cite this Article Digambar Singh, Yog Raj Sood. Multi-Attribute Based Optimal Location of Renewable Energy Sources in Deregulated Power Sector. Trends in Electrical Engineering. 2016; 6(3): 78–88p.
Employing Sweep Frequency Response Analysis for Diagnosing Condition of Power Transformer
The power transformer being very expensive plays a tectonic role in power system. Reliability is apogee in power system. Any failure fringing power transformer may lead to substantial monetary loss depending on how much duration it is out of service. On-line monitoring and prognosis of power transformer helps the associated delegate to take decision on subject of maintenance, replacement or continuity of its operation. From accessible vivid methods for condition monitoring of power transformer, the potent key tool for diagnosing the verdure of the transformer and determining propitious condition for service is Sweep Frequency Response Analysis. Sweep Frequency Response Analysis (SFRA) helps to detect different abnormalities residing inside transformer without detanking it. In these paper, we have discussed prosecution of SFRA, principle governing SFRA, its facets, detection of faults by SFRA, various frequency response obtained by SFRA tests and rules for repeatability. Keywords: Power transformer, condition monitoring, frequency response, SFRA Cite this Article Maulik Haraniya, Prachi Upreti, Sameer Patel et al. Employing Sweep Frequency Response Analysis for Diagnosing Condition of Power Transformer. Trends in Electrical Engineering. 2016; 6(3): 26–31p.
Investigation of Electric Spring for LVRT Capability Improvement of Fixed Speed Induction Generator based Wind Farm
This paper investigates the ability of electric spring (ES) for the low voltage ride-through (LVRT) capability improvement of fixed speed induction generator (FSIG) based wind farm (WF). With increased renewable energy integration, new grid codes are declared by various power system grid operators in order to maintain system stability. LVRT capability is the prime and most difficult requirement of these new grid codes. FSIG based WFs are largely installed but it does not have LVRT capability. Various FACTS devices like static-var-compensator (SVC), static synchronous compensator (STATCOM), dynamic voltage restorer (DVR), etc. are being suggested to make it LVRT capable. ES is the emerging smart grid technology which can compensate active and reactive power so as to address the instability problems of frequency and voltage in microgrids. The ES is coming up as a good alternate to STATCOM, but so far it has not been tried, especially for improving LVRT capability of WF. In this paper, MATLAB simulation is carried out to investigate the ability of ES for improving LVRT capability of FSIG based WF. Simulation result shows that ES performs well and seems as an alternate to FACTS devices. Keywords: Electric spring (ES), low voltage ride through (LVRT), fixed speed induction generator (FSIG), wind farm (WF) Cite this Article Dinesh Pipalava, Chetan Kotwal. Investigation of Electric Spring for LVRT Capability Improvement of Fixed Speed Induction Generator based Wind Farm. Trends in Electrical Engineering. 2016; 6(3): 1–10p.
Estimation of Power System Stabilizer Parameters Using Swarm Intelligence Techniques to Improve Small Signal Stability of Power System
Interconnection of the power system utilities and grids presents a formidable challenge in front of design engineers. With the interconnections, power system has emerged as a more complex and nonlinear system. In recent years, small signal stability issues have gained much importance along with the conventional transient stability issues. Transient stability of the power system can be achieved with high gain and fast acting automatic voltage regulators (AVRs). However, AVRs introduce negative damping in the system. Propagation of small signals is hazardous for system’s health and presents a potential threat to system’s oscillatory stability. These small signals have magnitude of 0.2 to 2 Hz. The efficient control methodology to enhance system damping is power system stabilizer (PSS). This paper presents application of swarm intelligence for PSS parameter estimation problem on standard IEEE 10 Generator 39 Bus power network (New England). Realization of the objective function is carried out with the help of interpolation analysis using MATLAB. The system performance is compared with the conventional optimization algorithms like genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) based PSS controller. The robustness of proposed controller is tested by considering different operating conditions. An Eigen property analysis is carried out on this system i.e. before installing PSS, and after the employment of GA and PSO tuned PSSs. A meaningful comparison is carried out with GA and PSO on the basis of convergence characteristics and dynamic response of speed deviation curves of various generators. Keywords: Power system stabilizer (PSS), low frequency oscillations, genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), automatic voltage regulators (AVRs) Cite this Article Vikas Saini, Nitin Sharma. Estimation of Power System Stabilizer Parameters Using Swarm Intelligence Techniques to Improve Small Signal Stability of Power System. Trends in Electrical Engineering. 2016; 6(2): 16–25p.
Protection of UHV Substations and Transmission Lines against Lightning
In combination with characteristics of the lightning performance of UHV power transmission lines and on analysing the experiences and lessons relating excessively high lightning trip-out rate on 1000 kV transmission lines in Japan. The minimization of ground wire shied angle along with distance of the gap with a proper length is an important step for shielding failure trip out in China. So, we should pay attention to the shielding failure flashover of the lines in mountain area in that place. Lightning trip-out faults has by no means arisen in China’s UHV transmission lines so, it displays a noble lightning act. The paper also describes the methods and principles used for measuring lighting inrush overvoltage to UHV substation in China and also tells that the concurrent adoption of measures of both reducing the maximum reducing current of ground wire shield angle and distance of the gap with an definite length is an important measure for reducing the shielding failure trip-out rate of 1000 kV transmission lines. Consequently, to pay courtesy to the shielding failure flashover of the outlines in mountain areas with higher inclination of ground along the lines are obligatory. Here, we introduce the ground wire shield angles used for UHV transmission lines in plain and mountainous areas in China. Lightning trip-out faults have never occurred up to the present time in China’s UHV transmission lines, thus it shows a good lightning performance. Keywords: UHV, power transmission line, substation, lightning, intruding wave, overvoltage, 1000 Kv Cite this Article Jose et al. Protection of UHV Substations and Transmission Lines against Lightning. Trends in Electrical Engineering. 2016; 6(2): 41–49p.
Trustable Digital Design Counter-Measures against Eavesdropping and Man-in-the-Middle Attacks in Qi Wireless Power Transfer Protocol
Qi is a wireless power transfer protocol by which power can be transferred from a wireless power transmitter to a wireless power receiver. The power receiver controls the power that will be transmitted from the power transmitter by sending several forms of control packets to power transmitter as necessary. But under the current specifications of the protocol, there is no authentication mechanism by which a power transmitter can recognize whether a packet is sent from the power receiver or it is a spoofed packet sent by an attacker. Also, there is no mechanism of confidentiality due to which message content of some important packets are disclosed to eavesdroppers. This work deals with digital design of security measures by VHDL in Xilinx ISE to remove these weaknesses of the protocol and will show simulation results of the designed schematics by ISim simulator. However, the manufacturers of power transmitters and power receivers have to integrate this hardware based security solution to their existing systems to implement security measures of the protocol, which is beyond the scope of this work. Keywords: Authentication, confidentiality, trustable digital design, VHDL, Xilinx ISE Cite this Article Priyankar Roychowdhury. Trustable Digital Design Counter-Measures against Eavesdropping and Man-in-the-Middle Attacks in Qi Wireless Power Transfer Protocol. Trends in Electrical Engineering. 2016; 6(2): 26–40p.
Condition Monitoring Of Power Transformer Using Different Techniques
Transformer is one of the key equipment of the power system. Power rating of the transformers varies from KVA to several hundreds of MVA. The transformer is an expensive equipment of the power system. Failures of transformer usually lead to substantial profit loss to the utility, potential environmental damage, explosion and fire hazards and expensive repairing or replacement costs; thus, it is desirable that the maximum service life of transformer is required. Condition monitoring of transformer can help to increase the life of the transformer and reduce the maintenance cost. On-line monitoring is the record of significant data of a transformer and analysis of data including the history of the transformer. In this paper, we present the different techniques adopted for condition monitoring of transformer. Keywords: Power transformer, insulation conditioning, winding condition, condition monitoring techniques Cite this Article Pravin Rathod, Ankit Shah Patel, Sameer Patel, Chirag Parekh. Condition Monitoring of Power Transformer Using Different Techniques. Trends in Electrical Enginerring. 2016; 6(2): 1–8p.
Energy Conservation and Energy Audit using Smart Meter: A Review
This paper is aimed to review significant development in the design and analysis of smart meter based on different technologies. India is the 5th largest producer and consumer of electricity in the world. The utility electricity sector in India had total installed capacity of 288 GW as on 31 January 2016, and up to 2024 this will be 603 GW. This target will not be achieved only by installing new power plants, but there must be necessary ways to reduce losses in transmission and distribution side. Energy conservation and energy audit are helpful in reducing electrical losses. Smart metering is useful for electricity management, dominating power shortages, preventing theft, etc. This paper proposes how the new smart meters can be used for efficient power distribution and load management. Keywords: Smart meters, energy conservation, energy audit, RFID (radio frequency identification), GSM, Bluetooth, TI-msp430 Cite this Article Krutin S. Patel, Mithila S. Zodape. Energy Conservation and Energy Audit using Smart Meter: A Review. Trends in Electrical Engineering. 2016; 6(2): 9–15p.