Recent Trends in Civil Engineering & Technology
Recent Trends in Civil Engineering & Technology (RTCET) is an international eJournal focused towards the rapid publication of fundamental research papers on all areas of Civil Engineering and Technology. The focus and the scope of journal includes: original research findings that fall under the broad field of Civil Engineering and technology; including but not limited to the following subject areas: Civil Engineering in General, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering and its Allied Areas. Highways & Transportation Engineering Railways Engineering and Coastal Engineering Surveying and Other Verticals Hydraulics & Water Power Engineering Geomatics, Geosciences, Remote Sensing, Geographical Information Systems Aerosol Optical Properties, Aerosol Microphysical Properties Pavement Evaluation and Maintenance The journal publishes the most significant new research and review work in all areas pertaining to its scope and research being done in the world, thus ensuring its scientific priority and significance.
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Parallel Search Engines for Topology Optimization of an Arch Truss using Evolutionary Algorithms
Abstract The use of parallel search engines to solve NP-Hard problems is increasingly in use with the computational power becoming more economical. The objective of this paper is to effectively explore and exploit the search domain to identify the optimal point using two search engines in parallel. This paper proves that intensification and diversification can be performed effectively using two search engines in parallel. The use of two search engines in parallel not only greatly reduces the overall computational effort but also identify a better optimal point to minimize the weight of the structure. Aqua search metaheuristic algorithm is used here to perform optimization of arch truss grid structures. A simple ESO approach is used here. An arch truss grid structure numerical is solved and the results are compared with those available in the literature. Keywords: Arch Truss, structural optimization, aqua search, parallel search engines, topology Cite this Article Sahithi NSS, Chandrasekhar KNV. Parallel Search Engines for Topology Optimization of an Arch Truss using Evolutionary Algorithms. Recent Trends in Civil Engineering & Technology. 2017; 7(2): 22–27p.
Strength and Durability Properties of Metakaolin Amalgamated High Performance Concrete
In past three decades, it is inevitably for the development of high strength concrete (HSC) and high performance concrete (HPC) is progressively enhanced, since these concrete are widely used throughout the world in most prominent projects like oil, bridges, multi-storey buildings and nuclear industries etc. In meticulous, the amalgamation of supplementary cementing material (SCM) or pozzolanic materials is vital when high strength and durability become the most desired properties of HPC. Metakaolin (MK) is found to be superior than other SCMs like silica fume, slag and fly ash etc. Owing to its high pozzolanic activity, both strength and durability of concrete are augmented. Also, now a day the availability of natural sand which is the main constituent of concrete is becoming complicated because of its paucity. With the exploit of locally collected waste sand i.e., crusher wash sand (CWS) as an alternative for natural sand to produce HSC/HPC may solve the problem. This paper pact with the swot of principal characteristics such as workability, mechanical properties (i.e., compressive, tensile and flexural strength) and durability of HPC for a sole water/binder ratio of 0.3. M50 grade of HPC mix was used for this study with partial replacement of cement by MK at diverse percentage ranges between 5 and 15% i.e., with every increment of 2.5% and also with 100% replacement of natural sand by crusher wash sand. MK concrete test results are compared with the reference mix (RM) (i.e., Normal HPC concrete with 100% replacement of sand by CWS). From the test results, it was observed that up to 10% increment of MK level, the mechanical properties were increased and after that the mechanical properties were decreased, but it lingered higher than the reference mix. Predominantly it was scrutinized that, 10% replacement level was the optimum level in all aspects of investigation. HPC mixes have also indicated better resistance to the attacks of chemicals such as chlorides and sulphates when the HPC mixes were exposed for a period of 180 days. Keywords: High performance concrete, metakaolin, crusher wash sand, pozzolanic Cite this Article Muthumari G, Niraikula Sekaran K. Strength and Durability Properties of Metakaolin Amalgamated High Performance Concrete. Recent Trends in Civil Engineering & Technology. 2017; 7(2): 36–44p.
Durability Study of Lightweight Aggregate Concrete using Pumice Aggregate as Replacement of Coarse Aggregate
Abstract Lightweight concrete has less dead load as compared to the normal concrete. Most of the buildings are made in India using light weight aggregate/materials. In this experimental work, we need to focus on the light weight concrete using pumice aggregate and assessment of the result of compressive strength and reduction in dead load of the concrete. Four concrete mixes of M1, M2, M3 and M4 were prepared with the different replacement ratios (0, 15, 30 and 45%) of pumice aggregate with coarse aggregate respectively. Each set of concrete mix comprised of 9 cubes, tested at the age of 7, 14 and 28 days of curing period. It is concluded that with the increase in replacement of pumice stone by 15, 30 and 45%, the compressive strength decreases by 6.12, 14.25 and 22.84% respectively at 28 days of curing period. Keywords: Concrete, coarse aggregate, compressive strength, pumice aggregate, light weight concrete Cite this Article Asif Muhammed N, Bibha Mahto. Durability Study of Lightweight Aggregate Concrete using Pumice Aggregate as Replacement of Coarse Aggregate. Recent Trends in Civil Engineering & Technology. 2017; 7(2): 1–4p.
Reinforcement layout optimization of RCC Beam using Firefly algorithm
The optimization of layout design of steel in the domain of concrete has been an interesting topic during the last few years. The main focus of this study is to make an attempt to determine the optimal layout of steel in the concrete domain using metaheuristic algorithms. In this study, firefly algorithm is used. Two different approaches have been studied and the merits and demerits have been put forward. The results obtained have been checked with the method proposed in IS 456-2000. This study is a basic attempt to automate the layout process of steel in the reinforced concrete elements. Keywords: Layout optimization, reinforced cement concrete, firefly, topology Nishanth MVS, Srinidhi SV, Chandrasekhar KNV et al. Reinforcement Layout Optimization of RCC Beam Using Firefly Algorithm. Recent Trends in Civil Engineering & Technology. 2017; 7(2): 28–35p.
Experimental Investigation on Concrete with Replacement of Fine Aggregate from Scrap Tyre Rubber Dust
Abstract Concrete is the most widely used construction material in the world in which cement and aggregates are the main constituents. This has led to continuous and increasing demands of natural materials used in the construction. Present study aims to explore the potential utilization of scrap tyre rubber in various Portland cement concrete categories for the production to study the structural behaviour of concrete, and to help partially solving environmental problem produced from disposing waste tyres. Raw materials of coarse and fine aggregate used in present study were tested; fine aggregate (sand) was replaced by scrap tyre rubber dust of size 595, 250 and 195 µ with 5, 10 and 15% respectively for three grades of concrete(M25,M30 and M35). Compressive strength test was done on hardened concrete and conclusions were drawn. Keywords: Concrete, coarse aggregate, compressive strength, pumice aggregate, light weight concrete Cite this Article Daryoush Asefi, Bibha Mahto. Experimental Investigation on Concrete with Replacement of Fine Aggregate from Scrap Tyre Rubber Dust.Recent Trends in Civil Engineering & Technology. 2017; 7(2): 5–9p.
Assessment of Construction Waste to Identify Issues that Disrupt Sustainable Development: Case Studies in Sindh, Pakistan
Abstract Due to intensification of construction works throughout the globe, the construction industry is facing challenges of managing construction waste. Researchers are innovating advanced construction waste management (CWM) techniques that can tackle bulkiness of the waste that remains problematic even after the construction. In Pakistan, a very little research is done to promote effective handling of such wastes. This paper presents the study done at construction sites in Daulatpur, Sindh, Pakistan during their peak construction stages. The construction sites were surveyed to calculate the construction waste which was produced during ground excavation, reinforcement works (steel), cement usage, and fine and coarse aggregates preparation and utilization. The volume and type of construction waste was estimated by site surveying, analysis of BOQs (bill of quantities) and MBs (measurement bills). The study shows that there is lack of awareness about the degree of harm that construction waste causes to the sustainability of the environment. The wastes at construction sites are horribly taken care of during every stage of construction from executing construction to waste disposal, then to handing over the site to the client. This paper proposes CWM techniques that can easily be adopted in Pakistan to ensure a sustainable development and a restored environment. The CWM techniques explain that how to cope with the waste by waste minimization, waste reuse, waste reconditioning, and waste disposal. Keywords: Construction waste management (CWM), sustainable development, green environment, waste minimizing, waste reconditioning. Cite this Article Nadia Qamar, Ayesha Alam Khurram.Assessment of Construction Waste to Identify Issues that Disrupt Sustainable Development: Case Studies in Sindh, Pakistan. Recent Trends in Civil Engineering & Technology. 2017; 7(2): 10-17
Investigation on Clay Soil Stabilization using Plastic Powder
A huge amount of black cotton soil or clayey soil is available all around the world which leads to a waste of land for construction uses, since it has expansiveness, swelling and shrinkage properties etc. So we have tried to resolve this problem by stabilizing the black cotton soil by waste material marble powder. This study impact with the effect of PP (PP) on expansive soil by conducting the laboratory tests like Atterberg’s limit, compaction characteristics, unconfined compressive strength (UCC), California bearing ratio (CBR), and free swell index (FSI) etc. were studied. All the laboratory tests are performed on soil with or without stabilizing material as per IS 2720 code’s specification. The test results show that Atterber’s limit, optimum moisture content and free swell index value were decreased with every increment of 2% of PP into the soil up to 8%. Also, the maximum dry density, unconfined compressive strength and California bearing ratio values were increased with every increment of 2% of PP into the soil up to 8%. So, this stabilizer (PP) can be used for construction works in an effective manner. Keywords: Black cotton soil, clayey soil, plastic powder, stabilizing Cite this Article Muthumari G, Niraikula Sekaran K. Investigation on Clay Soil Stabilization using Plastic Powder. Recent Trends in Civil Engineering & Technology. 2017; 7(2): 18–21p.
A huge amount of black cotton soil or clayey soil is available all around the world which leads to a waste of land for construction uses
swelling and shrinkage properties etc. So we have tried to resolve this problem by stabil
Effective Utilization of Fly Ash, Iron Ore Slime and LD-Slag in Geopolymer Mortar
Abstract An attempt was made for the effective utilization of iron ore slime in making of geopolymer mortar along with other industrial wastes fly ash and LD-slag and achieved the appreciable compressive strength results with 8 M NaOH after 28 days at a curing period of 24 h at 55°C. Keywords: Fly ash, LD-slag, geopolymer, compressive strength, NaOH, iron ore slime Cite this Article Rajesh Chintala, R.K. Rath, Anil Kumar. Effective Utilization of Fly Ash, Iron Ore Slime and LD-Slag in Geopolymer Mortar. Recent Trends in Civil Engineering & Technology. 2017; 7(1): 9–16p.
Analysis of Three Types of Quartzite as Coarse Aggregate Material and their Impact on Compressive Strength on Concrete
Abstract Aggregates are the most important constituents of concrete. They give body to the concrete, reduce shrinkage, enhance strength and effect economy. The quartzite rock available in Delhi is a prominent geological material available in the entire Aravali range. Most of the manufacturing of concrete is going on using quartzite as aggregate material. However, three different categories of quartzite have been classified on the basis of its colour composition namely greyish quartzite, reddish quartzite and yellowish quartzite. An experiment was carried out to study the impact of these quartzites on the compressive strength of concrete. The greyish quartzite was taken as coarse aggregate material with size ranging from 16 to 20 mm and of uniform density, specific gravity and sorting coefficient. The concrete was manufactured for three different grades of M10, M15 and M20 and compressive strength of the cubes casted were monitored for a period of 3, 7, 14 and 28 day curing. Similarly, the reddish quartzite and yellowish quartzite material with identical properties of density, specific gravity and sorting coefficient was also tested. It was found that the greyish quartzite being metamorphosed directly from the granite, inherited the strength of granite to some extent. However, due to weathering impact on reddish quartzite and yellowish quartzite, it lost its strength. Also, the presence of ferrous and ferric material in them violated its non-active reaction and became chemically active; hence, disturbed the workability of concrete. It was also observed that the greyish quartzite aggregate does not disturb the water/cement ratio and no segregation or bleeding was recorded during its manufacture. However, the reddish quartzite and yellowish quartzite disturbed w/c ratio as a result bleeding and segregation was recorded. In all, it is found that the greyish quartzite may be taken as a reliable coarse aggregate and the required compressive strength of all the said grades of concrete was achieved; whereas in reddish and yellowish quartzite concrete, the strength parameters were affected due to disturbance in w/c ratio and workability; by the virtue of which the required compressive strength was not achieved. Since, most of the builders and developers are using these quartzites as aggregates, without its proper segregation, the design of the building was affected which is a very important finding of the paper and needs required attention by the concerned engineers and structural designers. Keywords: Quartzite, Coarse aggregate, Compressive strength, Aravalli rangeAbstract Aggregates are the most important constituents of concrete. They give body to the concrete, reduce shrinkage, enhance strength and effect economy. The quartzite rock available in Delhi is a prominent geological material available in the entire Aravali range. Most of the manufacturing of concrete is going on using quartzite as aggregate material. However, three different categories of quartzite have been classified on the basis of its colour composition namely greyish quartzite, reddish quartzite and yellowish quartzite. An experiment was carried out to study the impact of these quartzites on the compressive strength of concrete. The greyish quartzite was taken as coarse aggregate material with size ranging from 16 to 20 mm and of uniform density, specific gravity and sorting coefficient. The concrete was manufactured for three different grades of M10, M15 and M20 and compressive strength of the cubes casted were monitored for a period of 3, 7, 14 and 28 day curing. Similarly, the reddish quartzite and yellowish quartzite material with identical properties of density, specific gravity and sorting coefficient was also tested. It was found that the greyish quartzite being metamorphosed directly from the granite, inherited the strength of granite to some extent. However, due to weathering impact on reddish quartzite and yellowish quartzite, it lost its strength. Also, the presence of ferrous and ferric material in them violated its non-active reaction and became chemically active; hence, disturbed the workability of concrete. It was also observed that the greyish quartzite aggregate does not disturb the water/cement ratio and no segregation or bleeding was recorded during its manufacture. However, the reddish quartzite and yellowish quartzite disturbed w/c ratio as a result bleeding and segregation was recorded. In all, it is found that the greyish quartzite may be taken as a reliable coarse aggregate and the required compressive strength of all the said grades of concrete was achieved; whereas in reddish and yellowish quartzite concrete, the strength parameters were affected due to disturbance in w/c ratio and workability; by the virtue of which the required compressive strength was not achieved. Since, most of the builders and developers are using these quartzites as aggregates, without its proper segregation, the design of the building was affected which is a very important finding of the paper and needs required attention by the concerned engineers and structural designers. Keywords: Quartzite, Coarse aggregate, Compressive strength, Aravalli range Cite this Article Megha Kalra, Gauhar Mehmood. Analysis of Three Types of Quartzite as Coarse Aggregate Material and their Impact on Compressive Strength of Concrete. Recent Trends in Civil Engineering & Technology. 2017; 7(1): 1–8p.
Cenosphere Based No Aggregate Floating Concrete
Abstract Concrete is excellent building material, used widely around the world, but only the disadvantage of concrete is it has self-weight. This self-weight does not allow concrete to be used in light weight structures. In this work, mix design is prepared in such a manner that density of concrete is less than that of water and hence concrete can float on water and therefore it is termed as floating concrete. This type of concrete can be helpful in making canoe, boats and other marine structures which are subjected to excessive corrosive actions due to constant contact with sea water, structure being subjected to tidal forces and alternate drying and wetting actions. To achieve this instead of normal aggregates cenospheres are used which are light in weight. Results show that compressive strength is lower but that can be enhanced and it is possible to produce light weight concrete. Keywords: cenosphers, cement, fly ash, floating concrete
Behavior of Concrete under Multiaxial State of Stresses When Exposed to Fire: A Review
Abstract A review article is presented on multiaxial state of stress in concrete when exposed to fire. This paper is a compilation of the recent work undertook by many researchers aiming to highlight the effect of fire on multiaxial state of concrete. It starts primarily from the biaxial compression and then compression-tension behavior of concrete and concluded at the behavior under triaxial compression of concrete. The behavior includes the stress-strain profile at different stress ratios and at different temperatures. The review shows that under biaxial compression at elevated temperature the concrete is soft and deformable, however under compression-tension after fire, the concrete failed in a brittle mode. Also, the triaxial strength even after being exposed to elevated temperature is found to be greater than uniaxial strength of concrete at ambient temperature and the paper concludes some important aspects and potential gaps in the field of multiaxial state of stress exposed to fire. Keywords: Concrete, biaxial stresses, triaxial stresses, stress-strain, elevated temperature, after fire Cite this Article Mohammad Suhaib Ahmad. Behavior of Concrete under Multiaxial State of Stresses When Exposed to Fire: A Review. Recent Trends in Civil Engineering & Technology. 2017; 7(1): 49–57p.
Use of Industrial and Agricultural Waste in Soil Stabilization
Abstract Soil is the foundation material which supports loads from the overlying structure. Soil is the most widely used material in a highway system, either in its natural form or in a processed form. Also, all pavement structures eventually rest on soil foundation. The construction cost can be considerably decreased by selecting local materials including local soils for the construction of the lower layers of the pavement such as the sub-base course. Soil stabilization has become the major issue in construction engineering and the researches regarding the effectiveness of using industrial wastes as a stabilizer are rapidly increasing. This paper briefly describes the suitability of the local fly ash to be used in the local construction industry in a way to minimize the amount of waste to be disposed to the environment causing environmental pollution. Several civil engineering laboratory tests are conducted to study the geotechnical properties of fly ash and strength gain when mixed with local clay sample. A different proportion of fly ash and soil sample cured for 7 days results in a strength gain. A better understanding of the properties of fly ash is gained from the study and the tests indicate an improved strength and better properties of soft soil sample when stabilized. After study of fly ash, the bagasse ash has replaced the fly ash for proper proportion. The bagasse ash is the waste which can be created from sugarcane. Maharashtra is one of the largest producers in India. So, the availability of bagasse ash is easy. Fly-ash, an inevitable waste of coal-fired thermal power plant has great potential in the area of plant growth due to its efficacy in modification of soil health and thereby the plant performance. Keywords: Soil, fly ash, bagasse ash Cite this Article Gholap KS, Kulkarni RP, Tingare SD et al. Use of Industrial and Agricultural Waste in Soil Stabilization. Recent Trends in Civil Engineering & Technology. 2017; 7(1): 58–62p.
Optimization of Cement Replacement by Fly Ash in Compressive Strength of Portland Cement Concrete
Abstract The production of cement has been known for its additive role in environmental pollution. As a measure of abatement of pollution effort, scientist have evoked the concept of diluting cement with various pozzolanic additive like fly ash, blast furnace slag etc. Many of these additives were found to be acceptable for cement replacement, but their exact role and efficacy remains elusive. In the present study, fly ash was added as a partial replacement of cement, followed by the measurement of compressive strength after curing for periods of 7, 14, 21, 28 and 56 days. The above experiment was conducted after determining the compressive strength of concrete (without fly ash) for periods of 7, 14, 21, 28 and 56 days for comparison purpose. The main findings of the work are: The 28 day compressive strength of concrete up to 30% replacement level (with fly ash) is higher than OPC concrete. However, the compressive strength of concrete above 30% replacement level is lower than OPC concrete. The seven-day compressive strength of concrete at all replacement levels has been found to be lower as compared to concrete without any replacement. Keywords: Cement, concrete, fly ash, compressive strength, water-cement ratio Cite this Article Altaf Ahmad, Anil Kumar. Optimization of Cement Replacement by Fly Ash in Compressive Strength of Portland. Recent Trends in Civil Engineering & Technology. 2017; 7(1): 24–35p.
Multi Population Search Engines for Topology Optimization of Continuum Structures
Abstract This paper deals with the complex design domains which usually require higher computational effort, and further tuning of parameters for algorithms is not practicable in terms of time and effort required. Multi search engines can be one such option wherein the search particles in groups are searching the design domain. Aqua search metaheuristic optimization algorithm is used to effectively explore and exploit the search domain. It is observed that this process of intensification and diversification is very effective to locate the optimum distribution of material in the given domain using two search engines in parallel. The overall computational effort required to optimize is reduced. Few problems have been solved and the results compared. Keywords: Aqua search, topology, search engine, continuum structures, multi population, optimization Cite this Article Chandrasekhar KNV, Sangu Swapna. Multi Population Search Engines for Topology Optimization of Continuum Structures. Recent Trends in Civil Engineering & Technology. 2017; 7(1): 17–23p.
Sustainability in Civil Engineering Infrastructure Development
Abstract The civil engineering infrastructure is growing at a rapid speed in developing country like India. This development is a must for overall growth as a nation. The paper brings out how this development can be made sustainable. The paper deliberated how we can take advantages mainly of green materials and green building practices and measures for saving energy by using green materials for construction to reduce overall impact of the built environment on human health and natural environment. This is achieved largely by efficiently using energy, water and other resources; protecting occupant health and improving employee productivity and reducing waste, pollution and environmental degradation. In this paper, it is highlighted that by using green materials we can take the advantage of renewable resources, reduced energy use and reduced wastes etc. It is observed that in many cases, environmental aspects are ignored while developing infrastructure, leading to uncomfortable habitat and increased maintenance and energy requirement, causing threat to the environment. How can we meet the today’s needs without diminishing the capacity of future generations to meet their own, a challenge we have to address in construction industry? In fact our survival in this planet will mainly depend on how innovatively and efficiently we can use more and more green materials in our various infrastructure developments. For sustainable developments, smart building concept is gaining momentum worldwide and recently in India also, where energy saving measures is of paramount importance. Keywords: Sustainable, green building, infrastructure, renewable energy, development Cite this Article Bhattacharjee J. Sustainability in Civil Engineering Infrastructure Development. Recent Trends in Civil Engineering & Technology. 2017; 7(1): 36–42p.
Assessing the Performance of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash with Portland Pozzolana Cement
Abstract Cements which are used for construction work are generally OPC/PSC or PPC and the production of this kind of cement not only consumes huge amount of the natural resources i.e. limestone and fossils fuel, also the world cement production generates 2.8 billion tons man-made greenhouse gas annually. The uses of the industrial and agricultural wastages in concrete partly as cement or any other ingredients replacement are therefore eco-friendly, economic and contribute towards solid waste management. Recycling of agricultural wastes is the viable solution not only to pollution problem, but also the problem of land filling. One of the agro waste is sugar cane bagasse ash (SCBA), which is a fibrous waste produced from sugar mills as a byproduct. After the processing of sugar cane, the ash can be produced by burning bagasse in uncontrolled condition at 600–800ºC temperature. The study in turn is useful for evaluating the locally available SCBA material to develop as sustainable construction material. In this paper, SCBA has been chemically and physically characterized and partially replaced in the ratio of 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% by weight of cement. The properties of concrete investigated include consistency limit, initial and final setting time, compressive strength. Grade of concrete is M20. Keywords: Bagasse ash, waste, recycling, cement, sustainable material Cite this Article Shikha Pandey, Murari K. Assessing the Performance of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash with Portland Pozzolana Cement. Recent Trends in Civil Engineering & Technology. 2016; 6(3): 6–9p.
Combined Effect of Ceramic Waste and Metal Fiber Waste on Splitting Tensile and Flexural Strength in Pavement Concrete
Abstract India is a prodigious country, with a huge population almost second in the world, will increase from China by the middle of this century. In India, majority of the population is much younger, which have advantage of having substantial work force and epic development opportunities. India’s 12th Five Year Plan is pivoted on the growth of infrastructure facilities such as roads and highways, railways, ports and shipping, power stations, irrigation structures, oil and gas, communications, etc. As it is known that concrete is a prominent material which is used in almost all construction work. Today the world is fostering too fast and our environment is changing dynamically. Attention is being anchored on the environment, by preventing natural resources and emphasizing the use of waste materials. Ceramic is used in many forms in day-to-day life. It has slender life, after use it becomes waste which is sent for landfills. Here in this paper, an attempt has been made to examine the suitability of replacing various percentage of waste ceramic obtained from Morbi-Wankaner belt (Gujarat) as a partial replacement of aggregate and waste fiber metal obtained from Rajkot city (Gujarat) as an additive in concrete. Examine strength such as splitting tensile strength and flexural strength of concrete (M25 grade) are found for 7 and 28 days, their results are analyzed and compared with conventional concrete. The experimental results reveal covenanting use of this waste ceramic metal concrete (WCMC) as a pavement concrete by retarding the depletion of natural resources and safeguarding environment from wastes. Keywords: Waste ceramic, waste fiber metal, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, pavement concrete Cite this Article Nilesh K. Vasoya, H. R. Varia. Combined Effect of Ceramic Waste and Metal Fiber Waste on Splitting Tensile and Flexural Strength in Pavement Concrete. Recent Trends in Civil Engineering & Technology. 2016; 6(3): 32–39p.
A Study on Earthquake Resistance Building Construction
Abstract Earthquake is one of the largest and greatest dangerous hazards of the property and life in the world. Due to its quick and sudden reaction, the buildings, highways, bridges, tunnels etc, are damaged very fast and also causes so many fatal and nonfatal injuries of people. For the safety purpose, many precautions during the design and construction time were considered in the structures. In this paper, we have done a study about earthquake and its related terminology. Here we have discussed the seismic design philosophy for buildings and mention Indian seismic codes used for the improvement in the behavior of structures. Also discusses some technique by which structures and buildings should make earthquake resistance in earthquake zone. Keywords: Earthquake, building, construction, seismic Cite this Article Anil Upadhyay, Himanshu Agarwal, Hanish Jain. A Study on Earthquake Resistance Building Construction. Recent Trends in Civil Engineering & Technology. 2016; 6(3): 1–5p.
Effect on Seismic Analysis of Reinforced Cement Concrete Building Considering Soil Structure Interaction
Abstract Many researches and case studies indicate that soil structure interaction (SSI) has a significant impact on dynamic response of structure, which may lead to unexpected seismic response or failure of structure. Current seismic codes adopt the methods in which, generally, flexibility of soil is not considered in seismic analysis of reinforced cement concrete (RCC) building. In this study, seismic response of a 35 m tall G+9 storey building resting on raft foundation is studied considering soil structure interaction. Response spectrum method of dynamic analysis has been used to analyze the building for seismic zone V according to IS 1893:2002 in FEM software CSI SAP 2000, Version 14 [1]. Elastic continuum approach is used to idealize the soil. Storey shear forces and lateral time period has been compared for fixed base and flexible base buildings resting on raft foundation. The study reveals that on considering SSI, there is an increase in lateral time period of the building and re-distribution of storey shear forces in flexible base model as compared to fixed base model. Keywords: Soil-structure interaction (SSI), structural response, storey shear, time period, inter storey drift Cite this Article Vaibhav Singh, Kanchan Mala. Effect on Seismic Analysis of Reinforced Cement Concrete Building Considering Soil Structure Interaction. Recent Trends in Civil Engineering & Technology. 2016; 6(3): 10–14p.
Experimental Study on Properties of Concrete with Phoenix Fibres
Abstract In this paper, an attempt has been made to investigate the possibility of using phoenix fibre to improve the properties of concrete. The aim of this research is to investigate the properties of concrete with phoenix fibres of various percentages. Mechanical properties such as compressive strength, split tensile strength of concrete using phoenix fibre have been investigated. M20 grade of concrete has been used for this investigation. Mechanical strength tests on standard specimens such as compressive strength and split tensile strength tests were conducted on phoenix fibrous concrete specimens to obtain the optimum volume fraction and length of fibres. Totally 36 cubes, 36 cylinder specimens are cast and tested. Based on the experimental results of workability and mechanical strength studies, a constant length of 25 mm of different volume fractions such as 0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5% are chosen for this study. Keywords: Phoenix fibre, workability, mechanical properties, volume fraction Cite this Article Kalaiselvi S, Bhagat Akshay A, Arumugam KS, et al. Experimental Study On Properties of Concrete with Phoenix Fibres. Recent Trends in Civil Engineering & Technology. 2016; 6(3): 40–45p.
Production of Dense Graded Cold Asphalt Mixtures with New Cementitious Material
Abstract The energy revolution for offering sustainable energy supply and utilize in terms of economically and environmentally is interested evident for governments and industry. Cement is the main material for constructing the society’s buildings and infrastructures. Meanwhile, 5% of global CO2 emission is related to cement industry. Therefore, replacing of cement with one of the other sustainable materials is one of the main objectives of the climate change mitigation strategies around the world. Utilization of fly and bottom ashes in different construction fields decrease the utilization of virgin materials and will reduce the landfill materials and CO2 emissions. Accordingly the industrial sustainability will be contributed when using of fly and bottom ashes. This study presents a method to introduce a new blended cement totally from waste fly and bottom ashes based on the hardened mortar properties testing. Two types of Waste Fly Ashes i.e., WFA1 and WFA2 and a Ground Bottom Ash (GBA) were added and optimized to produce a new blended cementitious material. WFA1 which has high lime and gelenite content, WFA2 which has high alkali components and GBA which is high silica content and cost-plus material have been blended with different percentages in this study to produce the mentioned cement. Such waste ash cement would develop an adequate concrete properties i.e., compressive strength and durability. On the other hand, the new cementitious product was found to enhance the performance of the cold asphalt emulsion mixtures. This performance of cold asphalt emulsion mixtures has been investigated by conducting indirect tensile stiffness modulus test. Keywords: Waste materials, cold bituminous emulsion mixtures, concrete, stiffness modulus, compressive strength Cite this Article Abbas Al-Hdabi, Hassan Al Nageim. Production of Dense Graded Cold Asphalt Mixtures with New Cementitious Material. Recent Trends in Civil Engineering & Technology. 2016; 6(3): 15–22p.
Effects of Polypropylene Fibre on Strength of Geopolymer Concrete
Abstract In the construction industry, the most vital parameter considered in the current scenario is the sustainable development of the structures. The most used material in construction is concrete, which is primarily made up of Portland cement. The production of Portland cement is nearly about 2.6 billion tonnes per year and is increasing at the rate of 5% annually. The concrete industry contributes about 5–8% of all human generated carbon dioxide worldwide. Among the greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide contributes about 65% to the global warming. In this paper, the effects of polypropylene fibre on the strength of geopolymer concrete are studied under the following tests, namely: compressive strength test, flexural tensile strength test, and split tensile strength test. The geopolymer concrete used for testing is produced with 100% replacement of cement with fly ash as a binder. A geopolymer binder has a reduction of about 80% in carbon emissions compared to Portland cement. Following are the data pertaining to preparation of concrete: the ratio by weight =1:1.4:3.28 (Fly ash: Fine Aggregate: Coarse Aggregate), alkaline liquid (a mixture of sodium silicate solution and sodium hydroxide solution) to fly ash ratio is 0.40, sixteen molar (16M) sodium hydroxide solution is used, polypropylene fibre used is 1.0 kg/m3 for fibre concrete composites. There is a 30% increment in compressive strength of geopolymer concrete with the addition of polypropylene fibre. There is a 50% increment in the flexural tensile strength of geopolymer concrete with the addition of polypropylene fibre. There is a 16% increment in the split tensile strength of geopolymer concrete with the addition of polypropylene fibre. Keywords: Geopolymer concrete, fly ash, polypropylene fibre, carbon emissions, sodium silicate solution, sodium hydroxide solution Cite this Article Talib A, Khan MY, Baqi A et al. Effects of Polypropylene Fibre on Strength of Geopolymer Concrete. Recent Trends in Civil Engineering & Technology. 2016; 6(3): 23–31p.
Strength Based Comparative Study of Green Concrete
Abstract Green concrete may be a revolutionary topic within the history of concrete trade. It is a kind of concrete that resembles the standard concrete however, the assembly or usage of such concrete needs minimum quantity of energy and causes least damage to atmosphere. Recycled coarse mixture may be employed by partly substitution natural concrete aggregates, so construction and demolition waste may be more used for aggregates in new construction. Recycled coarse aggregate includes brick, tile aggregates, crushed stone aggregates, glass aggregates, and demolished aggregates. In this paper, different recycled aggregates are used by 40 and 60% replacement with natural aggregates of size 20 mm. Granite stone, brick stone, concrete debris are used as recycled coarse aggregates (RCA) in this experimental work. Ordinary Portland Cement is replaced by 30% with fly ash and 10% replacement of silica fume is used, respectively. Test results show that under the equivalent mix proportions, the workability decreases with an increment in the recycled coarse aggregate as replacement percentages. Test results show that if government implements the projects for temporary shelters for those which are affected by natural disaster, this type of material can be used for economic feasibility. Keywords: Green concrete, Brick stone, Concrete debris, Fly ash, Silica fume, Workability, Compressive strength Cite this Article Mohd Izhar, Muzaffar Ahmad Mir. Strength Based Comparative Study of Green Concrete. Recent Trends in Civil Engineering & Technology. 2016; 6(2): 63–67p.
Preliminary Investigation on Steel Slag: Production, Processing and Cementitious Properties
Abstract Steel slag is glass-like by-product left over from the conversion of iron to steel in a basic oxygen furnace, or from the melting of scrap to make steel in an electric arc furnace. This paper reviews the production, processing, and cementitious properties of steel slag, and its use as a cementing component in different cementing systems. The chemical composition of raw ore and cooling of molten steel slag have a great effect on the physical and chemical properties of solidified steel slag. Present study explores the possibility of partially replacing OPC with steel slag in cement mortar. At the moment, most of the steel slag is being used as loose aggregate for asphalt concrete pavement in many countries. Also encouraging results were obtained by using steel slag as replacement of fine aggregates. However, the use of steel slag as a cementitious component must be given a priority from technical, economical, and environmental point of view. Encouraging results were found when steel slag was used as a replacement of cementitious material. Keywords: Steel slag, green mortar Cite this Article Richa Palod, Deo SV, Ramtekkar GD.Preliminary Investigation on Steel Slag: Production, Processing and Cementitious Properties. Recent Trends in Civil Engineering & Technology. 2016; 6(2): 17–22p.
Green Concrete Using Fly Ash and Silica Fume
Abstract Recycled coarse aggregate can also be used by partially replacing natural concrete aggregates, so that construction and demolition waste can be further used for aggregates in new construction. Recycled coarse aggregate includes brick, tile aggregates, crushed stone aggregates, glass aggregates, and demolished aggregates. In this paper, different recycled aggregates are used by 40 and 60% replacement with natural aggregates of size 20 mm. Granite stone, brickstone, concrete debris are used as Recycled Coarse Aggregates in this experimental work. Ordinary Portland Cement is replaced by 30–40% with fly ash and 10–20% replacements of silica fume are used, respectively. Finally slump tests and compression tests are conducted on the concrete cubes after 28 and 56 days to compare the results. Test results show that under the equivalent mix proportions, the workability decreases with an increment in the recycled coarse aggregate as replacement percentages. The concrete having 40% crushed granite aggregate gives optimum compressive strength of the cubes. Test results show that if any major cause happens in the society and the persons shifted to other places so the structure which is using this type of material can be used for economic feasibility. Keywords: Green concrete, Brick stone, concrete debris, Fly ash, Silica fume, Workability, Compressive strength Cite this Article Abhinave Singh Verma, Muzaffar Ahmad Mir. Green Concrete Using Fly Ash and Silica Fume. Recent Trends in Civil Engineering & Technology. 2016; 6(2): 57–62p.