Research & Reviews: A Journal of Medicine
Research & Reviews: Journal of Medicine (RRJoM ) : is a print and Online Journal focused towards the rapid publication of fundamental research papers in all areas concerning art and science of healing, which are covered under the domain medicine. Focus and Scope Covers Prevention and Treatment of illness Medical Technology Health Sciences Biomedical research Diagnosis & Treatment of disease Medication Surgeries & Therapies Health care systems Medical Specialties Community Health Medical Informatics Communicable diseases
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Efficacy of Apium graveolens (Bekh Karafs) in Hyperuricemia: A Randomized Single Blind Standard Control Study
Abstract Hyperuricemia may induce certain complications like gouty arthritis, nephrolithiasis and uric acid nephropathy. Owing to its dreadful complications, the researchers of different system of medicine are concentrating themselves for the development of new drugs, which can lower uric acid level in blood. The main aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of Apium graveolens in lowering the serum uric acid level in blood. The present study was a single blind, randomized standard control study carried out at the department of Medicine (Moalajat) in National Institute of Unani Medicine Bengaluru. A total of 40 patients of hyperuricemia of either gender, above 20 years and below 70 years of age were selected and randomly assigned to control and test group; comprising 20 patients in each group. Test group was treated with Apium graveolens 10 gm once a day in the form of decoction, whereas control group was given Allopurinol, 1 tablet each 100 mg three times a day for 45 days. All the patients were assessed on subjective and objective parameters. The result was analyzed statistically using Wilcoxan signed rank test and Chi square test, RM ANOVA, and Student t test. At the end of the study, significant reductions in joint pain and serum uric acid levels were observed in test as well as in control group when compared to baseline. However, no statistically significant differences were observed between test and control groups. The overall effect of the Apium graveolens was found quite encouraging in the treatment of hyperuricemia. Keywords: Hyperuricemia, Apium graveolens, Bekh karafs, gout Cite this Article M.A Siddiqui, Nasimul H., Arshid Iqbal Wani. Efficacy of Apium graveolens (Bekh Karafs) in Hyperuricemia: A Randomized Single Blind Standard Control Study. Research & Reviews: Journal of Medicine. 2017; 7(2): 7–12p.
Assessment of Total Cardiovascular Risk using WHO/ISH Risk Prediction Charts in Chaman Colony, Dhanas, Chandigarh in India
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:RelyOnVML /> <o:AllowPNG /> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--> Abstract Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), largely heart disease and stroke, accounts for almost half of all NCD-related deaths and is now the leading cause of death in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). There are several risk factors which are responsible for developing CVDs. Many of the risk factors such as smoking, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, diabetes, physical inactivity and obesity are potentially modifiable by health counselling. Cardiovascular diseases are preventable so accurate estimation of CVD risk is vital for both prevention and management of CVD as well as designing long term policies and programs to combat the challenges posed by them. Material and Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was done in Chaman colony which was formed by Chandigarh Housing Board for extra weaker section. A total 200 study subjects were enrolled by total enumerative sampling. The data collection tool was a structured interview schedule, and participants were subjected to bio-physiological measurements. WHO/ISH cardiovascular risk prediction charts for the South-East Asian region was used to predict the cardiovascular risk. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 16 and appropriate statistical tests were applied. Result: The result showed that 76% of the subjects were in low risk category (<10%) of developing CVD events in next 10 years and there were proportionately more females (81.6%) as compared to males (64.2%) in this category. Only 15.5% were having moderate risk (10 -20 %) and there were proportionately more males (23.9%) as compared to females (11.3%). High risk category (>20 %) includes only 8.5% of the subjects. The prevalence of other risk factors of CVD was hypertension (32%), diabetes (18%), obesity (41.5%), current tobacco user (11.5%) and current alcohol user (7.5%). Conclusion: This study concluded that there is significant proportion of population in moderate to high risk category, which is an alarming sign. Thus more educational programs have to be conducted for the general public so as to make some necessary changes in their lifestyle to reduce risk of CVD events. Keywords: Cardiovascular diseases, WHO/ISH risk prediction charts, risk factor, CVD risk Cite this Article Parul Thakur, Heena, Shefi et al. Assessment of Total Cardiovascular Risk using WHO/ISH Risk Prediction Charts in Chaman Colony, Dhanas, Chandigarh in India. 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High doses Biotin Beyond Its Nutriceutical Prescription: Update Indications for Neurological Diseases
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:RelyOnVML /> <o:AllowPNG /> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--> Abstract Biotin or vitamin H is ubiquitous B-complex vitamin that plays as a co-factor in different metabolic process in the body. The usual recommended daily requirement is 30 μg. Recent studies found biotin in high doses involved in the synthesis of myelin in patients with multiple sclerosis. The Med Day Pharmaceuticals launched an oral formulation of biotin high dose (Cerenday 100 mg capsule) and recommended for multiple sclerosis. Previous studies demonstrated the effectiveness of biotin in other neurological diseases that suggesting biotin exerts pleotropic effects. Therefore, it is worth trying to highlight the importance of using this nutrient for neurological diseases as the safety testing did not explore any harmful effect of biotin. Keywords: Biotin, progressive multiple sclerosis, pleotropic effect Cite this Article Marwan S.M. Al-Nimer. High doses biotin beyond its nutraceutical prescription: update indications for neurological diseases. 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Knowledge on Prevention and Management of Pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB) Among Nursing Students
Abstract Background: According to annual global Tuberculosis report 2015 published by WHO; globally, Tuberculosis prevalence in 2015 was 42% lower than in 1990. India (23%), Indonesia (10%), China (10%) had the largest number of cases of the global total respectively India accounts for 27% of global Tuberculosis notification in 2014. At any given point of time, there are 4 million infectious cases in India. Tuberculoses is silently killing approximately more than 5 lakhs people every year, more than 1000 every day and more than 2 people every 3 minutes. Objectives: To assess knowledge regarding Prevention and management of Pulmonary Tuberculosis among Nursing Students and to find out the association of level of knowledge with selected variables. The hypothesis of the study was there will be a significant association of Knowledge score with Selected Demographic Variables at 0.05 levels of significance. Methods: Non experimental approach, descriptive study was conducted to assess the knowledge on prevention and management of pulmonary Tuberculosis among 50 nursing students. Convenience sampling was used and the data was collected by structured knowledge questionnaire by self report method. Results: Overall mean knowledge score of the nursing students was 21.73. Only 4.5 percentages of students had very good, 25% had good, 55% had average and 15.5% of students had below average level of knowledge. There was an association of level of knowledge with age, gender and source of information. Keywords: Prevention, management and pulmonary TB Cite this Article Bindu, Sembian N, Rajan Kumar et al. Knowledge on Prevention and Management of Pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB) Among Nursing Students. Research & Reviews: Journal of Medicine. 2017; 7(2): 21–25p.
Relationship of Non-Barrier Contraception with Reproductive Tract Infections Among Ever Married Women of Reproductive Age in Rural Haryana: A Cross-sectional Study
Abstract Introduction: Reproductive tract infections (RTI) have been reported to have a prevalence rate between 19–71% in various parts of the country. Contraceptives have been used since decades and the use of contraceptives and its relation with RTI needs to be evaluated. Aim: To determine the relationship between RTI and contraception among females of reproductive age. Settings and Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a sub district level hospital in Haryana among the reproductive age females visiting the Gynaecology OPD. Methods and Materials: A total of 134 females aged 15–65 years or above, visiting the health facility, were interviewed using a predesigned, semi structured interview schedule for certain factors related to reproductive history, by taking six eligible females every week for from November 2016 April 2017. The variable studied were education, marital status, age at marriage, socioeconomic status, contraceptive practices and parity. Results: RTI was reported in 51.5% of the subjects and it was significantly related to use of non-barrier contraception, age <40 years and religion. Vaginal discharge, itching and lower abdominal pain were most commonly reported symptoms. Conclusion: Despite enormous reproductive and child health programmes, RTI is still a big burden for our women, which risks their healthy life as it makes them prone to diseases like cervical cancer. Barrier contraception lowers the risk of RTIs. Keywords: RTI, cross sectional study, reproductive history, barrier contraception, rural Cite this Article Latika Rohilla, Har Ashish Jindal, Amanjot Kaur et al. Relationship of Non-Barrier Contraception with Reproductive Tract Infections Among Ever Married Women of Reproductive Age in Rural Haryana: A cross-sectional Study. Research & Reviews: Journal of Medicine. 2017; 7(2): 26–32p.
Study of Febrile Thrombocytopenia in Pediatric Patients
Background and objectives: Infection is a commonest cause of thrombocytopenia, fever associated with thrombocytopenia helps to narrow differential diagnosis and management of fever. It also helps to know the various complications of thrombocytopenia and its management. Method: 63 patients of fever with decrease platelet count admitted to Pediatrics ward, Dhiraj general hospital, from time of July 2015 to June 2016. Result: Septicemia was the commonest cause of Febrile thrombocytopenia, among malarial species P.vivex is found to be most common. Bleeding manifestations were seen in 17% of patients. 64% of patients had Petichae/ purpura as the commonest bleeding manifestation, Good recovery was noted in 89% while 6% had mortality and 5%went DAMA. Dengue VHF and Septicemia accounted for 50% of deaths each. Interpretation and conclusion: Septicemia was the commonest cause of fever with thrombocytopenia. Identification of causative etiology and prompt treatment gives good outcome and avoid need for platelet transfusion. Mortality is not directly affected with thrombocytopenia Keywords: Fever, thrombocytopenia, septicemia,pediatric, febrile, diagnosis
Knowledge of Family Caregivers on Care of Mentally Challenged Children: A Review Article
The degree of impairment from mental retardation varies widely, from profoundly impaired to mild or borderline retardation. Less emphasis is now placed on the degree of retardation and more on the amount of intervention and care needed for daily life. Not all parents have adequate knowledge regarding intellectual disability. There is an existing lack of knowledge among the family caregivers on care of mentally challenged children in variety of areas such as the meaning, aetiology, condition of disability, management, medications, basic care, menstrual hygiene, handling behaviour problems, facilities and benefits available for mentally challenged. Thus, the family caregivers require comprehensive information on mental retardation management, skill intervention, behavioural intervention, basic childcare, sexual issues, prevention of abuse and the services available in India. Keywords: Knowledge, awareness, mental retardation, mentally challenged children, family caregivers
Mentally Challenged Children and Family caregivers
Stress throws the organisms’ body out of homeostatic balance. The physiological stress response acts by activation of two systems to balance the disturbance: the SNS and the HPA-axis. Stress has enhancing and impairing effects on memory processes: encoding, consolidation, and retrieval. These opposite effects may be explained if the different time courses of stress hormone, in particular catecholamine and GC actions are taken into account. This review will access the enhancing effects of stress on encoding and consolidation, and the impairing effects of stress on retrieval of memory processes. Keywords: Consolidation, encoding, GCs, memory, retrieval, stress
A Typical Case of Asherman Syndrome (Fritsch Syndrome) due to Prolonged Retained Fragment of Cu-T in Myometrium
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves /> <w:TrackFormatting /> <w:PunctuationKerning /> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF /> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>ER</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables /> <w:SnapToGridInCell /> <w:WrapTextWithPunct /> <w:UseAsianBreakRules /> <w:DontGrowAutofit /> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark /> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp /> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables /> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx /> <w:Word11KerningPairs /> <w:CachedColBalance /> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math" /> <m:brkBin m:val="before" /> <m:brkBinSub m:val=" " /> <m:smallFrac m:val="off" /> <m:dispDef /> <m:lMargin m:val="0" /> <m:rMargin m:val="0" /> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup" /> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440" /> <m:intLim m:val="subSup" /> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr" /> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--> Asherman or Fritsch syndrome is also known as intrauterine adhesions. It can lead to partial or complete dysfunction of the endometrium. It affects women of all races and ages equally suggesting no underlying genetic predisposition for its development. The incidence is 40% after D and C. It is mostly due to vigorous curettage of endometrium causes scarring and occlusion in the uterine cavity or it may also be due to pelvic infections. Often, patients experience menstrual irregularities, recurrent abortions and infertility. A female married woman aged about 41 years came to gynaecology OPD, National Institute of Unani Medicine (NIUM) hospital, Bangalore, in 2015 with the complaints of menstrual irregularities and infertility. On the basis of signs, symptoms and imaging techniques such as USG, X-ray, hysteroscopy and laparoscopy, the case was diagnosed as Asherman or Fritsch syndrome due to prolonged retained fragment of Cu-T in the myometrium. 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menstrual irregularities and infertility
The Alzheimer is a disease; it bases a steady damage of recollection, thinks and prepares your everyday actions. The causes of Alzheimer is genetics, plaques are originated between the fading cells in the mind etc. The symptom of Alzheimer is depended on the change of mood, personality and time. The precaution of around epidemiological suggestion to recommend that important a healthy routine can decrease the danger of Alzheimer's syndrome. Systematic physical action and workout may have an overall protective effect on intelligence health and may deliberate progression of Alzheimer's disease. Keywords: Alzheimer, symptoms of Alzheimer, precaution of Alzheimer
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Helicobacter pylori in Africa
To eradicate Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), antibiotic therapy must be adapted to the local resistance patterns. However, the epidemiology of drug resistance pattern of H. pylori is poorly documented in Africa. Therefore, the present review is aimed to review the prevalence of antibiotic resistant H. pylori from previous studies in Africa. A computerized English language literature search of PubMed, MEDLINE and Google Scholar was performed in January 2016. Only 11 articles met the inclusion criteria. The average H. pylori antibiotic resistance was 79.66% for metronidazole, 41.03% for clarithromycin, 42.3% for amoxicillin, 63.19% for tetracycline, 30.16 for erythromycin, and 3.9% for ciprofloxacin. No resistance was documented for clindamycin. H. pylori antibiotic resistance has been on rise in the last 10 years even if clindamycin and ciprofloxacin seems to be effective drugs. Therefore, empirical therapy for H. pylori must be based on current information on antimicrobial resistance patterns of the bacteria. Keywords: H. pylori, antibiotics, resistance, Africa
Knowledge, Attitude and Expressed Practices of Adults Regarding Mental Health
The purpose of the study is to assess the knowledge, attitude and expressed practices of adults regarding mental health. A study involving urban and rural areas with 400 adults was carried out. A structured knowledge questionnaire, attitude scale and expressed practice checklist is used to assess the knowledge, attitude and expressed practices of adults regarding mental health residing in urban and rural areas. Results concluded that majority of adults residing in rural and urban area is having good level of knowledge about mental health. Most of adults have moderately favorable attitude and excellent level of expressed practices regarding mental health. Based on the study findings it is concluded that adults have adequate knowledge regarding mental health that helps them to understand mental illness in community settings. Keywords: Mental Health, Knowledge, Attitude, Expressed Practices, Adults Cite this Article Parul. Knowledge, Attitude and Expressed Practices of Adults Regarding Mental Health. Research and Reviews: Journal of Medicine. 2016; 6(3): 32–37p.
Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes among TB Patients at FenoteSelam District Hospital, West Gojjam Zone, Amhara, Northwest Ethiopia
Introduction: Tuberculosis is a major public health problem throughout the world. One third of the world’s population is estimated to be infected with bacilli and hence at risk of developing active disease. It is the second leading cause of death from an infectious disease worldwide after HIV, which caused an estimated 1.8 million deaths. The main reason for this is the high rate of death as an unsuccessful outcome. Incomplete treatment carries a risk of development of resistance and increased disease transmission. Objective: The main aim of this study was to assess tuberculosis treatment outcomes among TB patients at FenoteSelam district hospital West Gojjam, Amhara, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods: Institutional based retrospective cohort study was conducted from May 2014 to June 2014. About 651 records were included in to the cohort. Data were collected from medical records and patients’ chart using standard checklist. The data were entered into Epidata version3.1and then it was exported to SPSS version 20.0 software. Logistic regression analysis model was fitted to assess possible associations and the strength of association was measured using odds ratio with 95% CI. Result: From the total participants, 433 (66.5%) of TB diseased patients had successfully treatment outcome. Two hundred eighteen (33.5%) patients had unsuccessful treatment outcome. About 369 (56.7%) of participants were male and 282 (43.3%) were female. Age of participants was associated with TB treatment outcome. Those variables had p value ≤ 0.2 were considered for multiple logistic regression analysis. Conclusion: Treatment outcomes of DOTS program among TB patients at FenoteSelam district hospital showed that almost all patients were taken their TB treatment by direct observation of the health care providers. Those patients belong to age group 25–34 and ≥55 years had high prevalence of defaulted treatment outcome as compare to the age groups of 0– 14 years. Patients who had smeared negative pulmonary tuberculosis had relatively high rate of default and death. Keywords: Tuberculosis, anti TB drug, treatment default, treatment failure, cures Cite this Article Desalegne Amare. Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes among TB patients at FenoteSelam District Hospital, West Gojjam Zone, Amhara, Northwest Ethiopia. Research and Reviews: Journal of Medicine. 2016; 6(3): 1–8p.
Technology Based Interactive Teaching Session Regarding Methods of Contraception
The study objective was to assess the existing level of knowledge and effectiveness of technology based interactive teaching session regarding methods of contraception among nursing students and to find out association of knowledge score with the selected demographic variables. The research hypothesis showed that there was significant difference in pre-test and post-test knowledge score among nursing students, and there was association between posttest mean knowledge score with their demographic variables. This study was based on the quantitative approach, pre-experimental one group pre-test and post-test design. The samples were 34 nursing students selected by convenient sampling technique. Structured knowledge questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge methods of contraception among nursing students. In pre-test, 14.7% of the nursing students had average and 85.3% had below average knowledge respectively. But in the post-test, 52.9% of nursing students had very good knowledge, 32.4% of samples had good knowledge, and 11.8% of nursing students had average and 2.9% had below average knowledge respectively. There was a marked improvement in the post-test score as mean was 31.03 compared to pre-test mean score 15.68. So, the hypothesis was accepted. There was no significant association between post-test knowledge score with the selected demographic variables. Keywords: Technology based interactive teaching session, methods of contraception Cite this Article Sembian N, Dharmendra Singh. Technology Based Interactive Teaching Session Regarding Methods of Contraception. Research and Reviews: Journal of Medicine. 2016; 6(3): 21–23p.
Descriptive Study to Assess the Life Style of Children Residing in Different Community Areas
Lifestyle plays an important role in the development of healthy lifestyle during childhood. Children learn from the influences around them. Part of growing up is creating the habits that will follow children throughout their lifetimes and shape them as they mature. The ways to being healthy include healthy eating, physical activities, weight management, and stress management. Good health is a pre-requisite of human productivity and the developmental process. The main objective of the study is to assess the life style of children residing in different community areas, to compare the life style of children residing in different community areas and to determine the association between life style of children with selected demographic variable. The research design adopted for the study was descriptive design. A nonexperimental approach was adopted for the present study. Convenient sampling technique was used to select the 200 samples of 6–12 years children’s mother. The tools used for the study was semi-structured interview schedule to assess the lifestyle of children’s. The data collection was done through interview method, and analysis was done by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results revealed that there was significant difference between the lifestyle of rural group and urban group, so the research hypothesis was accepted. The association was analyzed by using one-way ANOVA and the significant value was found between age and lifestyle of rural children, on the other hand among urban children age and type of school was significantly associated with lifestyle. Therefore, hypothesis was accepted for it but for other variables hypothesis was rejected. Keywords: Lifestyle, Children, health, exercise, habits, lifestyle Cite this Article Sainpriya, Jeen Mexina, Rupinder Kaur. Descriptive Study to Assess the Life Style of Children Residing in Different Community Areas. Research and Reviews: Journal of Medicine. 2016; 6(3): 24–31p.
Emergency Contraceptive Use among Female Students of Aksum University, Aksum, Northern Ethiopia
Unintended pregnancy is a public health problem among young women in developing countries like Ethiopia. Emergency contraceptives (ECs) can be used as a backup in case regular contraception is not used, misused or failed. However, little is documented about sexual experiences and EC use in highly religious areas like Aksum where sexual rights may not be exercised freely. Therefore, this study was aimed at assessing sexual experiences and EC use among female students of Aksum University (AKU), Aksum, Northern Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 594 randomly selected female students of Aksum University from May to June, 2015. Data were collected using self-administered structured questionnaire. The collected data were entered into SPSS version 16 for analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the data. Finally, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine factors associated with EC use. A total of 152 (25.6%) participants were sexually active. Of the sexually active respondents, 65 (42.8%) had unprotected sex. Among those who had unprotected sexual intercourse, 47.7% had ever used EC. Utilization of ECs was significantly associated with consuming alcohol (AOR= 2.78 [95% CI: 1.04, 7.41]), ever being pregnant (AOR= 9.13 [95% CI: 3.59, 23.17]), discussing reproductive health issues with peers (AOR= 2.93 [95% CI: 1.42, 9.79]) and being knowledgeable about ECs (AOR= 3.50 [95% CI: 1.54, 7.96]). Risky sexual experience was very prevalent and EC use was very low among young women. Consuming alcohol, ever being pregnant, discussing reproductive issues with peers and being knowledgeable on EC were predictors of EC use. Thus, health education and promotion of programs including peer education should be strengthened to prevent unplanned pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Keywords: sexually active, unprotected sex, emergency contraception (EC), Ethiopia Cite this Article Haile K, Abraha A, Gebremedhin T et al. Emergency contraceptive use among female students of Aksum University, Aksum, Northern Ethiopia. Research and Reviews: Journal of Medicine. 2016; 6(3): 9–20p.
A Comparative Study to Assess the Attitude Regarding Women Empowerment among Adult Population in Selected Area of Ambala, Haryana
If women in the developing world do not have equal rights, they will not have equal health. It is as simple as that; the empowerment of women is not a politically correct cliché [1], but a living, essential goal for everyone. Women perform 66% of the world’s work, and produce 50% of the food, yet earn only 10% of the income and own 1% of the property. Whether the issue is improving education in the developing world, or fighting global climate change, or addressing nearly any other challenge we face, empowering women is a critical part of the equation [2]. The present study aimed to assess and compare attitude regarding women empowerment among adult male and female population and to determine the association of level of attitude regarding women empowerment among adult male and female population with their selected personal variables. The research approach was nonexperimental with descriptive comparative design in selected area of Ambala, Haryana, India. The final data were collected after getting formal permission from the Sarpanch of Brara, Ambala, Haryana, India. Convenience sampling technique was used for collecting final data. The data were collected from 200 adult population; 100 from each male and female of village by rating scale having 40 statements. Major findings of the study revealed that 29% males were in age group of 31–35 years and 31% females were in age group 26–30 years. Most of males (77%) and females (80%) were married. Most of males (28%) and females (38%) were educated up to secondary education. Findings of the present study showed that most of the males (59%) had unfavourable attitude and females (56%) had moderately favourable attitude towards women empowerment. Computed Chi-square values of attitude of males and females towards women empowerment was independent of the demographic variables, i.e., age, marital status, family structure, education, occupation, family income, interspousal educational differences, age of husband as compared to wife’s age. Keywords: Attitude, women empowerment, adult population Cite this Article Brar SK, Sembian, Dhaliwal KK. A comparative study to assess the attitude regarding women empowerment among adult population in selected area of Ambala, Haryana. Research and Reviews: Journal of Medicine. 2016; 6(2): 15–20p.
Attitude Regarding Mental Illness among Primary Caregivers of Mentally Ill People
The present study was undertaken to assess the level of attitude regarding mental illness and find out the association of level of attitude with selected demographic variables among primary care givers of mentally ill people. The hypothesis of the study was that there will be a significant association of level of attitude with the selected demographic variables. Nonexperimental approach, descriptive design was used to conduct the study with 30 samples at the selected treasury hospitals at Madurai, India. Convenient sampling technique was used to select the samples. The data were collected by attitude assessment scale. Only 63.3% of the primary caregivers had negative attitude and 36.6% had positive attitude towards mental illness. There was no association of level of attitude with selected demographic variable except gender. Keywords: attitude, mental illness, care givers Cite this Article Srinivasan P, Baranya S, Sembian N. Attitude Regarding Mental Illness among Primary Caregivers of Mentally Ill People. Research and Reviews: Journal of Medicine. 2016; 6(2): 9–11p
Drug Eluting Stents Alter the Inflammatory Biomarkers after One Week of Stent Implantation in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease: Gender-Based Study
Angioplasty is a successful antianginal therapy. Drugs coated on the surface of drug eluting stents (DESs) are potent antimitotic agents that strongly inhibit smooth muscle proliferation and inflammatory process. This study aimed to prove that DES are released into the circulation and induced anti-inflammatory effect which is gender based beyond the local effect on the coronary artery via determination of the circulating levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) after one week following the implantation of the stent. This prospective observational study was done in the Hospital of Specialty Surgeries-Cardiac Centre in cooperation with Hawler Medical University in Erbil, Kurdistan region, Iraq. A total of 85 patients with ischemic heart disease referred to the cardiac centre for implantation of DES were enrolled in the study. The determinants of the cardiometabolic risk factors were measured. Serum hs-CRP and IL-6 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) just prior to the stent implantation and after one week from the implantation. Women have significantly higher values of cardiometabolic risk factors as compared to men. DESs induced significant decrease of serum hs-CRP in men and a nonsignificant decrease of serum IL-6 levels in both the genders after one week of stent implantation. We conclude that DESs offered gender-based systemic anti-inflammatory effect after one week of implantation via inducing a significant decrease of hs-CRP and nonsignificant decrease of IL-6. Keywords: Drug eluting stent, interleukin-6, high sensitivity C-reactive protein Cite this Article Marwan SM, Al-Nimer, Shareef SAT. Drug Eluting Stents Alter the Inflammatory Biomarkers after One Week of Stent Implantation in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease: GenderBased Study. Research and Reviews: Journal of Medicine. 2016; 6(2): 1–8p.
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and the Role of Prokinetics Along with PPIS
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is often confused with functional dyspepsia as dyspepsia symptom commonly coexist with heartburn and some patients with functional dyspepsia respond to proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy. Up to 25–50% of patients with functional dyspepsia defined according to Rome III criteria can have abnormal esophageal acid exposure. Functional dyspepsia presents of one or more of the following symptoms: Postprandial fullness, early satiation, epigastric pain or burning, and no evidence of structural disease. Symptoms last for at least three months with the onset at least six months before diagnosis. Based on the prominent symptoms, it can be categorized into postprandial distress syndrome and epigastric pain syndrome. Keywords: Gastroesophageal reflux, diaphragm, proton pump inhibitor, refractory patients Cite this Article Arya MK. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and the Role of Prokinetics Along with PPIS. Research and Reviews: Journal of Medicine. 2016; 6(2): 12–14p.
Factors Influencing Institutional Child Birth among Women in Aynalem Kebelle, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia
Giving birth is the most critical part of pregnancy intervention for improving maternal and child health in Ethiopia with maternal mortality ratio of 673 per 100,000 live births. The majority of births are delivered at home and the proportion of deliveries assisted by skilled attendant is very low. The present study assessed the factors influencing institutional child birthing among women in Aynalem Kebelle, Mekelle, and Tigray, Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted by using open and closed-ended semi-structured questionnaire developed from different literature. Data was analyzed using excel and SPSS and presented by graphs and tables. Written informed consent was obtained from the participants and confidentiality was assured for all the information providers. Two hundred thirteen women were included in this study; of which 69% of the women gave birth at home, whereas 31% of the women gave birth at health institution. Among those who gave birth at home, 24% of the women faced different problems such as postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), retained placenta, and retained membrane which represented 51%, 27%, and 22%, respectively. Women’s decision-making power is another factor to decide for place of delivery; decision by husband and family have the largest percentage which represented 34% & 62%, respectively that made women to give birth at home. The main reasons given by the participating women about home delivery were presence of relatives nearby, more trust on traditional birth attendants (TBAs), apparently healthy, male health workers assistance in the hospital, lack of privacy, and unfriendly of some of the staffs who were not committed to their work at health facility. Generally, women’s education is strongly correlated with positive maternal health outcomes. Based on our findings, high rates of illiteracy/low rates of school attendance among women had high level of influence on institutional childbirth practice. Keywords: Childbirth, factors, women, Aynalem Kebelle Cite this Article Hailemariam T, Berhanu K. Factors Influencing Institutional Child Birth among Women in Aynalem Kebelle, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia. Research and Reviews: Journal of Medicine. 2016; 6(2): 21–27p.
Nasal Medication Conveyance Framework: An Approach for Brain Delivery from Essential to Cutting Edge
For the past few years, nasal drug delivery has provided attractive niche to the formulation scientists. It is the first choice as targeted drug delivery when one requires it for brain targeting. In addition, absorption of drug at the olfactory region of the nose provides a potential for a pharmaceutical compound to be available to the central nervous system. The nasal delivery of vaccines is another very attractive application in terms of efficacy and patient acceptance. The use of the nasal route for the delivery of challenging drugs has created much interest in recent years in the pharmaceutical industry. The article is grafted to provide an overview for nasal drug delivery and the factors to be considered while developing nasal drug delivery systems. Keywords: Nasal drug delivery system, Medication, Route of administration Cite this Article Dhaval Shah, Vivek Chavda, Hemal Tandel et al. Nasal Medication Conveyance Framework: An Approach for Brain Delivery from Essential to Cutting Edge. Research & Reviews: Journal of Medicine. 2016; 6(1): 14–27p.
Knowledge on MSE (Mental Status Examination) Among Nursing Students
The objective of the study is to assess the knowledge on mental status examination and to find out the association between the level of knowledge and demographic variables. A non-experimental study was conducted on mental status examination with 30 nursing students in Govt. Rajaji Hospital at Madurai. The data was collected by means of a self-administered questionnaire. The obtained data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Most of the student (22) had adequate knowledge with a mean score of 9.04 and 8 students had inadequate knowledge with a mean score of 6.87. Further there was association of the level of knowledge with the sources of information and it was statistically significant at p<0.05 level. The study finding concludes that the student nurses had adequate knowledge regarding mental status examination. Keywords: Mental status, mental disorder, diagnosis, mean score Cite this Article Srinivasan. P, Sembian. N. Knowledge On MSE (Mental Status Examination) Among Nursing Students. Research & Reviews: Journal of Medicine. 2016; 6(1): 1–4p.
Attitude of Parents on Adding Sex Education in School Curriculum
Sex education is conveying the message in school regarding human sexual anatomy, sexual reproduction and reproductive health. Schools play a central role in having a positive and sustained impact on children sexual health and well-being. A study was conducted in Dhinapura village of Roopnagar district, Punjab, India to assess and compare the attitudes of the parents on adding sex education in school curriculum. About 100 parents (50 fathers and 50 mothers) of school going children those fulfilling the inclusive criteria were selected for the study by quota sampling technique; out of which 50 were male and 50 were female. The conceptual framework of the study was developed based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA). A five point Likert scale was developed to assess the attitude of parents towards adding sex education in school curriculum. Content validity of the study tools was determined. Reliability (internal consistency) of attitude scale was checked by split half method and tool was found to be reliable (P=0.70). Pilot study was conducted and feasibility of the study was determined, where the study was found to be feasible. Informed consent was obtained from the study participants and anonymity was assured for all the information provided. Data were collected in the month of March 2015. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. Findings of the study revealed that most of the study participants had positive attitude on adding sex education in school curriculum (Mean percentage 73.72%). There was no significant difference between the attitude of male and female participants (pËƒ0.05). The study concluded that most of the participants (parents of school going children) had positive attitude towards adding sex education in school curriculum. The comparison between attitude of male and female parents was found to be positive. Keywords: attitude, sex education, school curriculum, parents Cite this Article Pareek B, Thakur B. Attitude of Parents on Adding Sex Education in School Curriculum. Research & Reviews: Journal of Medicine. 2016; 6(1): 5–9p.
A Study to Assess Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Program on Knowledge Regarding Safety Measures among Chemical Factory Workers in Kupwad MIDC at Sangli District
There are varieties of hazards to which workers may be exposed and which may cause various diseases. Any chemical that can cause illness, injury or an emergency is hazardous. Chemicals are used extensively in industries. Many useful purpose products are derived from chemical, e.g, Pesticides, fertilizers, paints, plastics and fiber glass. However, it is important to exercise caution in the usage of chemicals. Some chemicals are inherently so dangerous that they have to be stored in special containers to avoid contact with air. Others may appear harmless, but can cause injury almost immediately upon contact. There are varieties of chemicals agents which are hazardous and are in the form of: · Gases like carbon monoxide, ozone, carbon dioxide, hydrogen cyanide, etc. · Fumes and vapors from various types of acids, mercury, vapor, etc. · Mists e.g. chronic acid mist in electro plating industries · Dust, Soil particles created by crushing and grinding rock, ores, metals, coal, wood, etc. The chemical agents are harmful to skin, respiratory system and gastrointestinal system. Skin problems include dermatitis, eczema, urticaria, ulcer, cancer, etc. Respiratory problems include different types of pneumoconiosis, e.g., Silicosis due to quartz dust anthracosis due to coal dust, byssinosis due to cotton dust, asbestosis due to asbestos dust. Keywords: Safety measures, chemical factory workers, chemicals, community health, awareness Cite this Article Regina David Satvekar. A Study to Assess Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Program on Knowledge Regarding Saftey Measures Among Chemical Factory Workers at Kupwad MIDC at Sangli District. Research & Reviews: Journal of Medicine. 2016; 6(1): 10–13p.