Research & Reviews: A Journal of Health Professions
Research & Reviews: A Journal of Health Professions (RRJoHP) is a print and eJournal focused towards the rapid publication of fundamental research papers in all areas of concerning various current and forthcoming radical new health professions across the globe and the latest cutting edge advancements in healthcare. Focus and Scope Covers Audiology Cardiovascular Technology and Chiropractor Cytotechnologist and Dietetic Osteopathy Podiatry, Radiology (X-Ray) and Respiratory Therapy Speech therapy , Surgical (O.R.) Technology and Ultrasound Technology Clinical Laboratory Technology Medical laboratory science Psychology Nutrition and Dietetics Paramedics Health care system Medication Reconciliation Risk management Theoretical and Practical Aspects of Health care
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Parental Response towards Substance Using Children: Pilot Study
Abstract The study was conducted to explore parental responses towards their children, who were recognized Substance Users in a treatment programme. A structured questionnaire was provided to the involved parents, who self administered it during a single session each, after due discussion and explanation by the researcher. Appropriate consent was taken from the participants. A sample size of 35 patients at Kripa Foundation centre was selected through ‘Snowball Sampling’, from different areas of Shillong, Meghalaya State, India. The total study group of parents was 35. Majority participants were female (68%, n-23). Majority of the parents responded in the following-(a) do not accept the substance user child (50%, n-17), (b) were aware of withdrawal symptoms (47%, n-16), (c) agree that special help is needed (79%, n-27), (d) were willing to help the child (68%, n-23). Parents felt the following would help the child- to overcome addiction- religious teaching and interactions with a religious teacher (55%, n-17), professional counselling (13%, n-4), rehabilitation programme (13%, n-4) and medical treatment (9%, n-3). Parental suggestions on the best way to help the affected child included: teaching religious values (38%, n-13), ensuring a safe peer group (21%, n-7), counselling by the parents (23%, n-8) and help from professionals (18%, n-6). Overall, a reasonably responsive parent group was studied, who needed further in depth understanding and empowerment. Keywords: Parental awareness, health education, professional counselling, rehabilitation, codependency Cite this Article Tsenthunglo Ezung Z, Menon MS. Parental Response towards Substance using Children: Pilot Study. Research and Reviews: Journal of Health Professions. 2017; 7(2):
Frequency of Physical Activities by Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Kashmir Valley
Abstract The therapeutic regimen which is useful in the management of Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) profoundly includes physical activity and exercise. The paper focuses on the extent and type of physical exercise indulged by T2DM patients in Kashmir valley. The study was carried out in the major hospitals (both government and private) having Endocrinology department situated in Srinagar district as well as private health clinics. A total of 1000 diabetic adults comprising both males and females in the age group of 25–60 years and above were included in the study. Although the patients were aware that physical exercise is one of the cornerstones in the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM) along with nutrition and medication, still most of them were actually not found to be involved in any sort of such exercises. Keywords: Diabetes, management, physical exercise, activity Cite this Article Naila Irshad Shah, Naheed Vaida, B.A. Ganai. Frequency of Physical Activities by Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Kashmir Valley. Research & Reviews: Journal of Health Professions. 2017; 7(2): 41–46p.
A Study of the Effect of Educative Drug Awareness Session on the Knowledge of Young Adolescents, their Teachers and Parents
Abstract Background: Changes in lifestyle, along with easy access to media and internet have among other factors lowered the age of exposure to drugs and alcohol among youth. Within this context, the parent teacher association of a private high school in Mumbai approached Kripa Foundation to conduct a preventative educative drug awareness session for their students (Grade 8 to 12), their teachers and parents. The session aimed to (i) increase the awareness of drug addiction and related issues (ii) enable students to make informed choices and choose healthier lifestyle options by reducing high-risk behavior and (iii) provide relevant inputs so as to sensitize parents and teachers to risk and protective factors in addiction, so that they can respond to relevant concerns in an appropriate manner. Method: A set of Yes/No statements on knowledge and attitudes/beliefs related to substance abuse were constructed and in consultation with an expert, a set of 13 items on knowledge and three items on attitude/beliefs were selected for use in the study. Results: The analysis of the pre-post differences in the percentage of correct responses on knowledge related to substance abuse indicated a significant post-session increase in accuracy of response for students on most items. Conclusion: This study suggests the immediate benefits of a single preventative educative awareness session for high school students and their teachers and parents. Keywords: Educative preventative drug awareness, substance abuse, high risk behaviours Cite this Article Krishna Iyer, Aninha Lobo. A study of the effect of an educative drug awareness session on the knowledge of young adolescents, their teachers and parents. Research and Reviews: Journal of Health Professions. 2017; 7(2):
A Study of Indian Female Substance Abusers in Treatment: Demographic and Psychometric Variables
Abstract The drug epidemic is several decades old in India. It has moved from culturally accepted recreational phenomena towards the newer drug use of Heroin, Cocaine and other designer drugs. While this, in a way, represents man’s hedonistic nature, it is also a symptom of the inherent dysfunction in society and its social groups and structure. Societal dysfunctions and the modern rat race have led to the breakup of the family unit, bringing along a lack of parenting and value systems. The need to belong, however inadequately, comes across as a sign of changing times and values. Success, failure, low self-esteem, low job opportunities, problems of identity etc., are nodes in a viscous cycle of self-destruction. Not the least impediment in this cycle is the example set by our peers and role models of over-indulgence in mood altering substances which is justified by them as stress reducing agents. With advancing addictive behaviour, a balanced lifestyle takes a back seat. For, as many that fall victim to substance abuse, many more, through individual example and dysfunctional families, perpetuate addictive behaviours, addictive logic and self-destructive coping mechanisms. Obsessive and compulsive addictions include work, sex, food, gambling and many more. As the newer trend of “polydrug abuse” is experienced and observed across the globe, it becomes essential to focus treatment strategies onto the whole person instead of focusing upon the visible symptoms of addiction. Addiction is all pervasive; it is a disease as listed in the DSM 4 of the American Psychiatric Association. It is a disease of relationships—lack of human ones and a compensatory attachment to other things. It is also a disease of attitudes, reinforcing the fact that being substance free without commensurate change of lifestyle or spiritual awakening invariably tends to result in relapse. Addiction is an abnormal relationship with an object or an event. The individual departs from the normal and socially accepted functions of the object or event and sets up with it a pathological relationship. For the addict—the food, sex act or the drug takes up a new function. Under relatively normal circumstances, human beings get their emotional and intimacy needs met by connecting with other human beings, their own selves and their community and with a spiritual power greater than themselves. It is through a balanced combination of these relationships that people get healthy emotional nurturance. This way of acting intimately involves a pattern of reaching out to life. In addictive patterns of behaviour this reaching out motion is almost totally inward, bordering on the point of withdrawal. As Craig Nakkan points out; addiction exists within the person and when an individual connects with his addiction he withdraws from external relationships. This is what underlies the social inadequacy aspect of addiction. The longer that an addictive illness progresses, the less a person feels the ability to have meaningful relationships with others.An addictive lifestyle is marked by a progressive loss of control and an emotional evading of the realities of living. Addiction is an emotional illusion—an illusion of meeting emotional needs through addictive behaviours. It is a commitment to a negative and self destructive way of living; basically a faulty mechanism of coping—a repetitive seeking of the illusion of relief through avoidance of reality and its consequences.In dealing with this extremely complex problem of addiction, practical strategies concentrate on demand reduction activities instead of on supply reduction approaches. In polydrug and substitute addictions, any numbers of escape routes are available to allow the “unchanged” client to continue his indulgence of self-gratification and opt not to be “in recovery”. “Whole Person Recovery” begins with an abstinence from drugs and other chemicals and progresses towards maintaining a drug free life style in terms of actions—working towards the top priority of remaining drug free. Along with this, it is also important to have acceptance and a sense of reverence for higher values and a spiritual way of life. Adapting to work and responsibility by balancing self-reliance and interdependence with others and by following a self-disciplined routine is vital to the recovery process. If addiction is viewed in terms of social inadequacy, “Whole Person Recovery” requires reestablishing comfortable and honest relationships with others. Keywords: Addiction, Polydrug abuse, low self-esteem, family dysfunction, emotional deprivation, whole person recovery Cite this Article Raja T, Chaudhari AB, Pereira JH. A study of Indian female substance abusers in treatment: demographic and psychometric variables. Research and Reviews: Journal of Health Professions. 2017; 7(2):
Abstract The use of pesticides has become a major attribute of modern agricultural practices. Though the application is useful to prevent various diseases of plant and pest attack, it is also harmful to environment and human health at certain level. The pesticides are exposed to human by dermal, oral and inhalation routes that can lead to various adverse health conditions. The mixed effect and specific effect of pesticide may vary and the physiological response to the pesticide also decides the level of toxicity for an individual. Chronic exposure to pesticide is associated with various physiological disorders such as cancer, neurotoxic effects, endocrine disruption, and damage to reproductive system. Awareness regarding adequate use of tools and techniques while handling pesticides, the techniques to reduce pesticide load in the food from farm to table and attitude towards sustainable farming practices can be helpful to reduce the exposure as well as toxicity of the pesticides. Keywords: Pesticide, pesticide residue, exposure, toxicity Cite this Article Roghelia V, Patel VH. Effect of Pesticides on Human Health. Research & Reviews: Journal of Health Professions. 2017; 7(2): 30–40p.
Effect of Kinesiotaping Versus Static Orthosis for Pain and Functional Status in the Patients with Tennis Elbow
Abstract Tennis elbow is frequently reported condition characterized by pain at the lateral aspect of the elbow, which affects day to day activities at home and job. There are a few literatures about the effective treatment for tennis elbow. So the aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of static orthosis and kinesiotaping (KT) in the patients with tennis elbow. It was an experimental study. A total of 30 patients diagnosed with tennis elbow were included in the study. They were allocated into two groups—Group A (n=15) and Group B (n=15). Taping was performed in the patients of Group A and static orthosis for Group B. Numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) and disability of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) were used as outcome measure to find out the desired result. Unrelated t-test was used to analyse the result. The results showed significant pain reduction (pre; t-0.174, post; t-4.461) and improved functional status (pre; t-0.104, post; t-1.732) after KT in the tennis elbow (p<0.05). Statistically there was minimal difference in pain reduction and improved functional status after static orthosis. From the result it was concluded that KT is more effective to reduce the pain and enhance functional status than orthosis in tennis elbow. Keywords: Tennis elbow, kinesiotaping (KT), orthosis, numeric pain rating scale (NPRS), disability of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) Cite this Article Singh AK, Kumar S, Sharma A. Effect of Kinesiotaping Versus Static Orthosis for Pain and Functional Status in the Patients with Tennis Elbow. Research & Reviews: A Journal of Health Professions. 2017; 7(2): 23–29p.
Predictors of Low Birth Weight in Tigrai Regional State, Northern Ethiopia: Hospital Based Case Control Study
Background: Low birth weight is a serious public health crisis to neonatal survival, about 20.6 million such infants born each year and the developing world inhabits 96.5% of them and little is documented about the predictors of low birth weight in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study is intended to identify the determinants of low birth weight in governmental hospitals of Tigrai national state, Ethiopia. Method: A case-control study was carried out at six selected hospitals in regional state of Tigrai among 104 cases and 208 mothers/neonate pairs. A pre-tested interviewer administered questionnaire was employed to collect the necessary data from Jan 17 to March 17, 2015. Data were entered with Epi-info software, cleaned and analyzed using SPSS version 21.0. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was employed to identify the predictors at p<0.05 to declare statistical significance. The mothers were interviewed and assessed within six hours of delivery; all babies were weighed on calibrated beam balance immediately after birth. Result: The mean weight of cases and controls at birth was 2157.69 mgs and 3196.65 gms respectively. After adjusting the variables in the multivariate logistic regression model; maternal age <20 years (AOR=3.22(95%CI=1.22, 8.55), mothers with no education (AOR=3.32(95%CI=2.22, 8.62), history of obstetric complication (AOR=4.89(95%CI=1.57, 15.25), mothers with MUAC<22 cm (AOR=5.22(95%CI=2.25, 12.11), short gestational period (before 37 complete weeks) (AOR=6.99(95%CI=3.35, 14.65) and inter-pregnancy interval less than 24 months (AOR=7.62, 95% CI=2.89, 20.12) were emerged as predictors of low birth weight. Conclusion: In the current study, low birth weight has been found to be statistically determined by maternal age <20 yrs, maternal illiteracy, preterm birth (<37 wks), short inter-pregnancy interval (<24 months), history of obstetric complication and poor maternal nutritional status (MUAC<22 cm). Therefore, due attention should be given to prevent teenage pregnancy, promotion of female education, nutritional counseling, early diagnosis and proper management of obstetric complications and adequacy of inter-pregnancy spacing to halt the burden. This study suggests further longitudinal studies. Keywords: Predictors, low birth weight, Tigrai regional state, Ethiopia <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves /> <w:TrackFormatting /> <w:PunctuationKerning /> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF /> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables /> <w:SnapToGridInCell /> <w:WrapTextWithPunct /> <w:UseAsianBreakRules /> <w:DontGrowAutofit /> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark /> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp /> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables /> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx /> <w:Word11KerningPairs /> <w:CachedColBalance /> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math" /> <m:brkBin m:val="before" /> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--" /> <m:smallFrac m:val="off" /> <m:dispDef /> <m:lMargin m:val="0" /> <m:rMargin m:val="0" /> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup" /> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440" /> <m:intLim m:val="subSup" /> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr" /> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]-->
Reproductive health-Maternal and child health
Health Status of Adolescents in India: A Review Article
The term adolescence refers “to emerge” or “achieve identity” is a new concept, in development thinking. Universally, the age group of 10–19 years is thought to be the time of preadulthood. It is obvious that in India, age cutoff points of youths have been settled distinctively under various projects keeping in view the targets of that approach or program. For instance, young people in the draft Youth Policy have been characterized as the age amass between 13–19 years; under the ICDS program juvenile young ladies are thought to be between 11–18 years; the Constitution of India and work laws of the nation consider individuals up to the age of 14 as children; though the Reproductive and Child Health Program notices young people as being between 10–19 years old. Keeping in view the attributes of this age group, it is generally felt and suggested that it would be most suitable to consider youths as between 10–19 years old. In any case, a generally acknowledged meaning of the idea has not been built up. Keywords: Adolescents, health, education, childhood, puberty <!--[if supportFields]><![endif]-->
Comparative Study to Assess the Knowledge and Attitude Towards Mental Illness Among the Adults of Urban and Rural Areas of Sangli District in India
Mental illness has been shrouded in stigma, ignorance and superstition since a long time in India instead of offering help to the mentally ill. Most of us treat them with suspicion, ignorance or cold hearted apathy [1]. Mental illness is rising at epidemic rates around the world, including India. Awareness regarding attitude and knowledge towards mental health issues is rising along with acceptance of mental health illness among community people [2]. Thus the investigator felt the need to conduct a comparative study to assess the knowledge and attitude towards mental illness among the adults of urban and rural areas of Sangli district in India. The major findings of study revealed that in both the communities, 72% were males in urban area and 85% in rural area; and 28% were females in urban area and 15% in rural area. Findings related to assess knowledge towards mental illness in urban and rural areas showed that people from urban area have more knowledge as compared to rural people. Also findings related to the attitude towards mental illness in urban and rural areas showed that urban people have more positive attitude as compared to rural people of Sangli district in India. Keywords: Knowledge, attitude, mental illness, adults
Magnitude of Substances Use and Associated Factors among Aksum University Students, North Ethiopia: Challenges of Future Generation
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:RelyOnVML /> <o:AllowPNG /> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--> Background: Students of higher educational institution are at higher risk of substance abuse. Thus, this study was aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of substance use among undergraduate students in Aksum University. Methods: Institution based quantitative cross sectional study design was conducted among Aksum university regular students in April 2015. A sample of 853 students was selected by using multistage sampling technique. The data were collected by using pre-tested anonymous self administered questionnaire and the collected data was entered into EPI-INFO version 6.02 then exported to and analysed using SPSS computer soft ware package version 20. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were done to determine factors affecting Psycho-active substances use at p- value of 0.05. Result: The magnitude of substance use among University students was found to be 389 (47.9%). The current use of cigarette smoking, khat chewing and use of alcohol was 9.1%, 15.4%, and 41.9% respectively. Factors significantly associated with khat chewing were: religion, family member, peer friends chewed khat, cigarette smoking, and use of alcohol. Variables that have significantly association with alcohol use were: orthodox religion, chewed khat, cigarette smoking and peer friends use of alcohol. Chewed khat, male sex, alcohol use and shisha use were found to be significantly associated with cigarette smoking. Conclusion: The prevalence of proactive substance use among university students was high. Universities and other stakeholders should invest their potentials to University students, about the health and social problems associated with substance use. 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Quality of Life and its Effect on Mental Health among Elderly People
A descriptive study to assess the quality of life and its effect on mental health among elderly people in selected old age home of Delhi was undertaken by Shaiphali Akhai at Guru Vishram Vridha Ashram, Badarpur, New Delhi to find out the association between QOL with selected demographic variables and to find out the association between mental health and selected demographic variables. Findings of the study revealed that most of the elderly people living in old age home have moderate quality of life and moderate mental health related to depression and anxiety. The mental health of the elderly people was dependent on age and educational status. There was a positive relationship between quality of life and mental health of elderly people living in old age home which indicates, as the quality of life increases, the mental health of elderly people also increases and vice versa. Keywords: Quality of Life (QOL), mental health, elderly people, old age home, ageing, depression, anxiety
Disparity in Health and Nursing Education, Practice in the Developed Countries and India
principle of goverence... The private sector share in India is astonishing 78 percent in urban areas and 71 percent in rural areas… The public funded Rashtriya Swasth Beema Yojana gives more than 80 percent of their reimbursement to private sectors… Poverty caused by health is doubled in India in the past 15 years. Out – of – pocket health expenditure is 6.8 percent of house – hold resources and 12.1 percent expenditure of non-food expenditure in 2011 -2012. (Shah Alam Khan in Indian Express on September 30, 206 pg. 11) Nurses are the heart of the health care delivery system, now and in future the profession is of great importance to politicians, policy makers, the general public and the nursing profession. However this needed profession is never given its due that is its right. The Government / Union Government and State Governments should stress the value building and supporting of nursing work force, quality care and patient outcomes. Every year we hear about patients, children and new born dying in government hospitals due to poor quality care.
Correlates of clinical and dietary factors on nutritional status of people living with HIV on anti-retroviral therapy: a case-control study in Central Zone of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves /> <w:TrackFormatting /> <w:PunctuationKerning /> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF /> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables /> <w:SnapToGridInCell /> <w:WrapTextWithPunct /> <w:UseAsianBreakRules /> <w:DontGrowAutofit /> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark /> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp /> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables /> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx /> <w:Word11KerningPairs /> <w:CachedColBalance /> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math" /> <m:brkBin m:val="before" /> <m:brkBinSub m:val=" " /> <m:smallFrac m:val="off" /> <m:dispDef /> <m:lMargin m:val="0" /> <m:rMargin m:val="0" /> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup" /> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440" /> <m:intLim m:val="subSup" /> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr" /> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--> Abstract Background: Malnutrition compounds the immunosuppressive effects of HIV and speeds the disease progression among people living with HIV on ART. However, little is documented on the effect of clinical and dietary factors. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the correlates of clinical and dietary factors on nutritional status of people living with HIV on ART in central zone of Tigray region, North Ethiopia. Methods: A matched case-control study design was conducted in two purposively selected hospitals on a total of 340 samples (170 cases and 170 controls) on March 2014. Cases were selected by simple random sampling and controls purposively to match the selected cases. Data were collected by reviewing ART registration chart, anthropometric measurements and pretested structured questionnaire and checklist. Conditional logistic regression was executed to determine the association among the variables by STATA version 12. Results: From the 170 paired subjects participated in the study, 72 (42.7%) pairs were males and 98 (57.3%) pairs were females. The mean age (±SD) was 39.3 ± 8.2 years in the malnourished participants whereas 39.2 ± 7.9 years in the well-nourished participants. Of the clinical factors being on ART for 37-60 months (AOR, 2.7; 95%CI, 1.3 – 5.7), altitude adjusted mean Hgb of < 11 mg/dl (AOR, 3.1; 95%CI, 1.5 – 6.4) and mean TLC (total leukocyte count) of < 103cells/mm3 (AOR, 5.1; 95%CI, 1.7 – 15.1) were predictors of malnutrition. From the dietary factors, eating pattern less than two meals per day (AOR, 4.9; 95%CI, 1.1 – 20.9) and poor diet diversity (AOR, 2.2; 95%CI, 1.1 – 4.6) were significantly associated with malnutrition. Conclusion: In this study, the duration of ART use, altitude adjusted mean Hgb level, mean TLC, eating pattern less than two meals per day and poor diet diversity had significant effect on nutritional status of people living with HIV on ART. 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Nutritional Status among Adolescents: Contributing Factors
Nutritional status of adolescents is of much concern. Faulty eating habits can make them overweight and ultimately obese and even malnourished also. Obesity is a complex disorder involving an excessive amount of body fat. Obesity is not just a cosmetic concern; it increases the risk of diseases and health problems. There are various factors like biological, genetic, behavioural and environmental which contribute to obesity. An exploratory design was used to assess nutritional and its associated factors among 200 adolescents studying in selected schools of city Ludhiana, Punjab, selected by stratified random sampling technique. Data was collected by using anthropometric measurement i.e. height and weight to assess the BMI of children and structured interview schedule to assess the associated factors. Both descriptive and inferential statistics was used for analysis. The study revealed that slightly less than half of the children (48%) were underweight, whereas 46% of children were normal and 5.5% of the children were overweight and only 0.5% of children was obese. The prevalence of overweight/obesity in private school is 10% which is significantly (p<0.001) higher than government school (2%). The children whose mothers are housewives are more likely to be overweight. The study concluded that overweight was more prevalent in private school children as compared to government school children. Many adolescents are underweight also. Keywords: Overweight/obesity, nutritional status, contributing factors, adolescents Cite this Article Navjot Kaur, Jasbir Kaur, Prabhjot Saini. Nutritional Status among Adolescents: Contributing Factors. Research & Reviews: Journal of Health Professions. 2016; 6(3): 5–10p.
Association of Depression with Sociodemographic Variables and Rural Old-Aged People
Ageing is a natural process always associated with physiological and biological decline. It is the outcome of certain structural and functional changes that takes place in the major parts as the life years increases. In the words of Seneca “Old age is an incurable disease”. It affects every individual, family, community and society. It is a normal, progressive and irreversible process. Ageing is the process of physical, psychological and social change. Mental health has an impact on physical health and vice-versa. For example, older adults with physical health conditions such as heart disease have higher rates of depression than those who are medically fit. Keywords: Ageing, psychological, heart disease, depression, geriatric population Cite this Article Kaur M, Kaur S, Kaur R. Association of Depression with Sociodemographic Variables among Rural Old-Aged People. Research & Reviews: Journal of Health Professions. 2016; 6(3): 1–4p.
Knowledge and Practice of Pain Assessment and Management and Factors Associated with Nurses’ Working at Hawassa University Referral Hospital, Hawassa city, South Ethiopia
Pain assessment and management is the pivotal nursing care. It affects patients’ improvement and quality of life. Cross sectional study was conducted to assess nurses’ knowledge and practice towards pain assessment and management in Hawassa University referral hospital, Hawassa city, South Ethiopia. An institution based cross sectional study was conducted in 2014. A total of 184 nurses working in Hawassa University referral hospital were recruited. Data were collected by semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire of pain assessment and management. The study participants were selected by simple random sampling technique. Binary logistic regression with 95% confidence interval was used to identify factors associated with pain assessment and management. Overall, the participants’ pain assessment and management was found to be: 35.9% were knowledgeable; nurses who have degree and above were 1.9 times knowledgeable on pain assessment and management than diploma nurses [AOR=1.9; 95% CI: (1.07–3.47)]. Nurses who have nine and above service years had 2.35 times more practice in pain assessment and management than those having service years less than nine years [AOR=2.35; 95%CI:(1.01–5.45)]. In this study, nurses’ pain assessment and management was very low. The hospital manager was assigned nurses’ low experience with high experience and nurses who have degree and above with diploma nurses in each ward. Keywords: Nurse’s knowledge and practice pain assessment and management, Ethiopia Cite this Article Fikru Tadesse, Zemenu Yohannes, Lelem Beza. Knowledge and Practice of Pain Assessment and Management and Factors associated with Nurses Working at Hawassa University Referral Hospital, Hawassa city, South Ethiopia. Research & Reviews: Journal of Health Professions. 2016; 6(3): 24–31p.
Nurse’s knowledge and practice pain assessment and management
Nutritional Recovery Status and its Determinants of Targeted Supplementary Feeding Program among Pregnant and Lactating Women in Werie-Leke District, North Ethiopia, 2015
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:AllowPNG /> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--> In Ethiopia, around 1.5 million pregnant and lactating women (PLW) screened for acute malnutrition and those with moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) admitted to the targeted supplementary feeding program (TSFP). As the health system accepted, the TSFP is recognized as critical for the reduction of maternal morbidity and mortality in case of community emergency nutrition, but the recovery outcome was not measured yet. The study was undertaken to assess the nutritional recovery status and its determinants of the TSFP in MAM among PLW.A cross-sectional study design was used to collect data from 17 January to 17 March 2015. A total of 532 PLW were included using multistage sampling technique and data were collected using structured interview administered questionnaire. Data were coded and entered into Epi-info version 3.5.4 and analyzed using SPSS version 20 software. Descriptive, bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyzes were performed. Analyzes were done at 95% confidence level and 5% level of significance. The mean age and S.D. of respondents was 28.4 and 1.6, respectively. The overall prevalence of nutritional recovery status was 450 (84.6%). On multivariate logistic analysis, using TSF entitled ration (AOR 0.023[95% CI= 0.002-0.242]), TSF preparation in the form of porridge (AOR 0.022 [95%CI=0.001-0.435]), TSF mixed with water and oil (AOR 0.008 [95% CI= 0.000-0.233]) and TSF food eaten by all members of the family (AOR 2.196 [95% CI=1.296-3.721]) were significantly associated with nutritional recovery status among PLW in Werie-Leke district, North Ethiopia. The nutritional recovery status of PLW after engaged on supplementary feeding program were marked as good. Strengthening of the TFSP through monitoring, evaluation and community-based nutrition education could support PLW. Keywords: Nutritional recovery, targeted supplementary feeding, prevalence Cite this Article Berhe T, Gebregzabher T, Haileslassie K et al. Nutritional recovery status and its determinants of targeted supplementary feeding program among pregnant and lactating mothers in Werie-Leke District, North Ethiopia, 2015. 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Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Towards Utilization of Long-Acting Contraceptive Methods and Predictors of Utilization among Reproductive Age Group Women in Addis Ababa Public Health Centers, Ethiopia.
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:AllowPNG /> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--> Long-acting contraceptives (LACs) such as intrauterine devices and hormonal implants are among the most effective methods that prevent unintended pregnancies. The methods are more convenient to clients who want to space or limit their births. But, their utilization is still very low and there is no strong evidence about the factors contributed to the low utilization level. The present study was undertaken to assess the utilization of LAC methods and associated factors among women of reproductive age groups at public health centers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A facility-based cross-sectional study that employed exit interviews was conducted among reproductive age group mothers in five public health centers of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from March 11 2014 to April 4, 2014. Systematic sampling technique was used to select 447 study participants. Pretested structured Amharic version questionnaire was used to collect the data. Both bivariate and multiple logistic regressions models were used to identify the associated factors related to utilization of LAC methods. Among the 447 respondents, 162 (36.4%), 188 (42.1%), and 96 (21.5%) participants had high, moderate and low level of knowledge about the importance and side effects of LAC methods, respectively. Only 216 (48.3%) and 340 (76.1%) participants had negative attitude and not utilizing LAC methods, respectively. Women who discussed with their partners (AOR=2.15, 95% CI: 1.11, 4.19), those who had positive attitude for LAC (AOR=2.24, 95% CI: 1.34, 3.76), previous use of LAC (AOR=6.07, 95% CI: 3.27, 11.26), and lack of desire to have children (AOR=2.09, 95% CI: 1.15, 3.80) were independent predictors which increased the utilization of LAC than their counterparts. It was concluded that knowledge about LAC was high; in contrary most of the respondents had negative attitude towards the methods and low level of utilization. Providing appropriate counseling, educating by model LAC users and strengthening couple discussion is recommended. Keywords: Long-acting contraceptives (LACs), utilization, attitude, reproductive age, women Cite this Article Nigatu B, Abay M, Addisie M et al. Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Towards Utilization of Long-Acting Contraceptive Methods and Predictors of Utilization among Reproductive Age Group Women in Addis Ababa Public Health Centers, Ethiopia. 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Magnitude of Premarital Sex and Associated Factors among Preparatory School Students in Alamata Town, North Ethiopia, 2014
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves /> <w:TrackFormatting /> <w:PunctuationKerning /> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF /> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-CA</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables /> <w:SnapToGridInCell /> <w:ApplyBreakingRules /> <w:WrapTextWithPunct /> <w:UseAsianBreakRules /> <w:DontGrowAutofit /> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark /> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp /> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables /> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx /> <w:Word11KerningPairs /> <w:CachedColBalance /> </w:Compatibility> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math" /> <m:brkBin m:val="before" /> <m:brkBinSub m:val=" " /> <m:smallFrac m:val="off" /> <m:dispDef /> <m:lMargin m:val="0" /> <m:rMargin m:val="0" /> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup" /> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440" /> <m:intLim m:val="subSup" /> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr" /> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--> Worldwide adolescents, both boys and girls, are physically mature earlier and the age at which people marry is rising. These leave a widening of gap time during which adolescents can potentially engage in unprotected and unsafe premarital sex. The purpose of this study was to assess the magnitude of premarital sex and associated factors among Alamata preparatory school students, Northern Ethiopia. A school-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in Alamata town preparatory school students from May to June 2014. Data were collected from 230 students using self-administered structured questionnaire. Study subjects were selected using stratified sampling technique. After completion of data collection, editing, coding data entry and cleaning was done by using Epi-Info version 3.5.4. Analysis was done using SPSS version 21 and frequency tables, cross tabs, bar graphs and pie charts, bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions (Crude Odds Ratio [COR] and Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR]) were done. Among the respondents, 101 (43.9%) reported ever having sexual intercourse before marriage. The mean age at first sexual intercourse was 17.39±1.5 years. Among the sexual variables, having a girlfriend or boyfriend [AOR; 7.77, 95% CI (4.15, 14.55)] and exposure to pornographic videos [AOR; 8.35, 95% CI (4.25, 11.34)]; and from the behavioral variables, drinking alcoholic beverages [AOR; 2.18, 95% CI (1.15, 4.16)] and chewing khat [AOR; 4.66, 95% CI (1.50, 14.50)] were found to have significant association with premarital sex. Large percentage of the students were engaged in premarital sexual practice. Students were found to start premarital sexual practice at an earlier age. We can also conclude that chewing khat, drinking alcohol, exposure to pornographic videos and having boyfriend or girlfriend can increase the likelihood of premarital sexual initiation of the students. It is therefore recommended that the concerned bodies should intervene among adolescents on prevention of substance abuse and risky sexual behavior. Keywords: Adolescents, premarital sex, early sexual initiation, risky sexual behavior Cite this Article: Abay M, Endgashet S, Etana B et al. Magnitude of Premarital Sex and Associated Factors among Preparatory School Students in Alamata Town, North Ethiopia, 2014. 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Awareness of Dental Hygiene among Mothers of Under-Five Children in Chatrapati Shivaji Subharti Hospital, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh
Poor oral health in early childhood is one of the most serious and costly health conditions in young children. The main concern is that of decay in the primary dentition. Early childhood caries (ECC), and decayed teeth in children under 6 years of age, is a multifactorial childhood disease with sociocultural and socioeconomic determinants. The present study was undertaken to assess the prevalence of common dental health problems and knowledge of dental hygiene among under-five children and to assess the knowledge of mothers of underfive children regarding dental hygiene. A quantitative descriptive survey approach was used to collect the data. A sample of 100 mothers of under-five children who were attending dental OPD at CSSH, Meerut, India was selected by using purposive sampling technique and a selfstructured questionnaire was used to collect data regarding demographic profile, prevalence of dental problems among under-five children and knowledge on dental hygiene. It was found that majority of respondents (81%) had moderate knowledge while 13% of the respondents had inadequate knowledge and a very less percentage of the respondents (6%) were having adequate knowledge regarding dental hygiene. About 29% mothers had the history of prevalence of common dental health problems in their children. A significant association of mother’s knowledge was found with demographic variables, i.e., age, number of children, type of family and family income. Overall findings of this study reveals that the knowledge of mothers of under-five children was moderate regarding dental hygiene and it is concluded that there is a need to enhance the knowledge of mothers regarding dental hygiene and common dental problems to prevent the early childhood dental health problems. Keywords: Dental hygiene, under-five children, prevalence, knowledge Cite this Article Devi TK, Archana, Agarwal A et al. Awareness of Dental Hygiene among Mothers of Under-Five Children in Chatrapati Shivaji Subharti Hospital, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh. Research & Reviews: A Journal of Health Professions. 2016; 6(2): 1–5p.
Yoga: A Cost Effective Lifestyle Method to Control Blood Pressure
Hypertension has become a major health concern as it is the predominant risk factor and treated for stroke, coronary heart disease (CHD), heart failure, arterial aneurysms and renal failure. As drug therapy alone is a costly affair for a developing country like India, a need for less experience, nonpharmacological alternative methods should also be taken into consideration. Medication and yoga are some alternative Indian techniques’ which can be used in prehypertensives and mild hypertensive people. Keywords: Hypertension, atherosclerosis, yoga, systolic, diastolic Cite this Article: Arya MK, Kishore K. Yoga: A Cost Effective Lifestyle Method to Control Blood Pressure. Research and Reviews: Journal of Health Professions. 2016; 6(2): 31–32p.
Study to Assess the Knowledge of Staff Nurses about Practicing Narcotic Policies in Selected Hospitals ICU in View to Prepare Information Pamphlet
Narcotic use and diversion among nurses is a growing problem. Substance abuse is the major reason listed by the State Board of Nursing for disciplinary action. Staff nurses needs to be aware regarding narcotic and diversion. In the present study, 20 staff nurses were selected by purposive sampling from selected hospital from Miraj, Maharashtra, India in the year 2015. Knowledge questionnaire was used for data collection. Results demonstrated that majority of the respondents, i.e. 16 (80%) were in the age group 22–32 years, 3 (15%) participants were in age group 33–42 years, and 1 (5%) participant was in the age group 43–58 years. It also revealed that 4 (20%) participants were male and remaining 16 (80%) participants were female. Regarding the years of experience most of the participants, i.e., 16 (80%) had 1–10 years of experience, 1 (5%) participant had 11–15 years of experience, and 3 (15%) participants had more than 16 years of experience. Those who have not taken narcotic drugs between 22 and 32 years of age (60%) had average knowledge, 27% participants had poor knowledge, and 13% participants had good knowledge. Regarding sex, males (100%) had average knowledge whereas among females, 25% had good knowledge, 50% had average knowledge, and 25% had poor knowledge. The Chi square values were computed from the age, gender and year of experience with the level of knowledge. The values were found to be statistically significant which indicates that there is an association between knowledge score with these demographic variables at 0.05% level of significance. So information pamphlet is given which consisted of: 1] Narcotic policies regarding what are narcotic drugs; 2] Preservation and maintenance of records of drugs; 3] Procedure for narcotic administration documentation; 4] Disposal of leftover medicine; 5] Legal acts and nurses’ responsibilities, which will be useful to present to the working nurses in that area as well for forthcoming nurses and student nurses also. Keywords: Narcotic drugs, uses, prescription, disposal of drug, narcotic policy Cite this Article Satwekar SM. A study to assess the knowledge of staff nurses about practicing narcotic policies in selected hospitals ICU in view to prepare information pamphlet. Research & Reviews: Journal of Health Professions. 2016; 6(1): 4–8p.
Episiotomy Practice and its Associated Factors among Mothers who Gave Birth Vaginally at Public Health Institutions of Shire Town, Northern Ethiopia
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:AllowPNG /> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--> Obstetric perineal trauma is assumed to be a serious health problem for women as well as for their child during their childbirth. Episiotomy is the commonest obstetric surgical operation performed to increase the diameter of the vulvas outlet during the late period of the second stage of labor in order to facilitate vaginal delivery. The rate of episiotomy is on the decline in developed countries but still remains high in developing countries. Though practice of episiotomy has become common problem among mothers who delivered vaginally in Ethiopia, studies are limited to show the extent of the problem. The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of episiotomy practice and associated factors among laboring women in public health institutions of Shire town, Ethiopia. Institution-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 407 laboring mothers from May to August, 2014 in 3 health institutions of Shire town, Ethiopia. Systematic random sampling technique was used to select study participants and data were entered and cleaned using Epi-info version 7, and was analyzed using SPSS window version 20 software. Both bivariate and multivariate analysis with 95% CI was applied to avoid any confounding variables. Finally, the results were presented in texts, tables and graphs. Among the study participants, episiotomy was performed for 144 (35.4%) mothers. Age group 15–20 years [AOR=3.53 (95% CI 1.059, 12.786)] and 21–34 years [AOR=3.46 (95% CI =(1.24, 9.637)], primipara [AOR= 2.12 (95% CI=(1.146, 3.935)], history of gestational hypertension [AOR=2.59 (95% CI=(1.0499, 6.377)], post-term [AOR=2.35 (95% CI=(1.088, 5.076)], and use of oxytocin [AOR=2.19 (95% CI=(1.195, 4.010)] were factors significantly associated with episiotomy practice. The prevalence of episiotomy practice in this study was relatively high (35.4%) as compared to the recommended practice by the World Health Organization (10%). Parity, gestational age, and use of oxytocin drug were the variables that had influenced the practice level of episiotomy. Thus, periodic on-job training regarding the indication of episiotomy should be provided to all the obstetric care providers and more efforts should be made to reduce the rate of episiotomy in order to improve the well-being and quality of life of woman as well. Keywords: Episiotomy, vaginal delivery, Shire, public health institution Cite this Article Niguse K, Gidey G, Gebrehiwot H, et al. Episiotomy Practice and its Associated Factors among Mothers who Gave Birth Vaginally at Public Health Institutions of Shire Town, Northern Ethiopia. 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Body Composition Assessment of Young Adult Females Using Body Composition Analyzer
This cross-sectional research investigation assessed the nutritional status and body composition of university young female students of 18–28 years of age, devoid of any apparent or known health problems. A total of 30 subjects participated in the study. Nutritional status of the subjects was assessed using body mass index (BMI) and body composition analyzer BC-420 MA. Results of BMI revealed that it ranged from 15.2 to 28.8 kg/m2 with mean value of 21.41±3.36 kg/m2. Results of BMI showed that 20% of the young adult females were underweight when compared to an ideal BMI. About 46.67% of the females were within the normal BMI (18.5–22.99 kg/m2), 16.67% were at risk of obesity, and 16.67% were classified under grade I obese (BMI range 25–29.9 kg/m2). Maximum per cent (63.33%) of adult females have been found to be in normal range of fat mass. A total of 20% adult females were having fat mass more than 33% and classified under over fat category; and 16.67% were in underweight category because they were having fat mass less than 21% of body weight. Mean visceral fat rating in adult females have been found to be 3.17±2.00 and the range varies from 1–8. Fat free mass per cent in adult females ranged from 60.8 to 84.7 of body weight. In the present study, muscle mass per cent of adult females ranged from 57.21 to 79.7 of body weight. Bone mass per cent of adult females ranged from 3.29 to 4.91 with the mean per cent of bone mass is 4.04±0.41. Total body water per cent ranged from 44.9 to 64.4 with the mean values of 50.5±4.52. Mean metabolic age of adult females has been found to be 25.13±9.67 years and metabolic age varies from 16 to 51 years; whereas, actual age of adult female lies in the range of 20–27 years with the mean age of 22.6±1.61 years. Basal metabolic rate of adult females ranged from 953.8 to 1438.4 kcal with the mean BMR values of 1153.57±141.48 kcal. Ideal body weight of adult females lie in the range of 41.9–64.3 kg with the mean ideal weight of 53.49±4.75 kg. Actual weight of adult females lie in the range of 33.2–69.1 kg with the mean actual weight of 51.96±8.64 kg. The mean degree of obesity was minus 2.09%±15.07. The study concluded that young adult females were found to be in normal range of body composition parameter. Keywords: Fat mass, fat free mass, muscle mass, body mass index, bone mass Cite this Article Jain B. Body Composition Assessment of Young Adult Females Using Body Composition Analyzer. Research & Reviews: Journal of Health Professions. 2016; 6(1): 9–14p.
A Comparative Study to Assess Cognitive Impairment of Old People Residing in Old Age Home Versus those Living with the Family in Pune City
Aging welcomes wisdom; it entertains problem as well. In old age, there are special problems, which are different from those of younger persons. Some study on homeless and geriatric care reveals that there is disturbance cognitive ability in old age. Therefore, the researcher felt the need to study about the cognitive impairment among old people residing in old age home versus those staying with the family in Pune city, India. The results seldom documented 72% old age people from old age home had mild cognitive impairment, 17% of them fall under moderate cognitive impairment, and 10% were under normal cognitive ability. Among old people living with the family, 70% were in mild cognitive impairment and rest 30% of them were in normal cognitive ability, no one was under severe and moderate cognitive impairment. There is no correlation between cognitive impairment and age, sex, marital status, educational status, marital status, educational status, type of family among old age people who were living with the family because cognitive level was mild to normal. Keywords: Old age, cognitive impairment, old age home Cite this Article Gautam A. A comparative study to assess cognitive impairment of old people residing in old age home versus those living with the family in Pune city. Research & Reviews: Journal of Health Professions. 2016; 6(1): 1–3p.