Journal of Remote Sensing & GIS (JoRSG) is an international journal which contains good quality- original research papers, review papers, short communications and book reviews that focus on practical and theoretical issues , collection, analysis, modelling, interpretation and display of spatial data, connections between GIS and related technologies and also new GIS applications which help to solve current issues & problems. Focus and Scope Covers Aerial Photography Cartography and Map Publishing Geoinformatics Geo-Physics Image Compression and Image Processing Remote Sensing, Spatial Science, Surveying and Mapping Global Positioning Systems (GPS) Remote Sensing Applications
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AOD Retrieval Over Different LULC Features Using AWiFS Data—A Case Study Over Dehradun
In this study, an attempt is made to estimate the Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) using a physically based radiative transfer model i.e. SMART (Simple Model for Atmospheric Radiative Transfer) over different LULC features. The forward procedure requires the data from Band B2: 0.52-0.59 μm of Resourcesat-2 Advanced Wide Field Sensor (AWiFS). While some of the atmospheric parameters, through transmittance, spherical albedo have been parameterized, few of them are utilized from other sensors e.g., MODIS, OMI etc. AOD observations at the time of satellite pass using ground based instrumentation, i. e., handheld sun photometer have also been recorded both for the calibration process and validation of the results. One Sentence Summary: Using SMART model (a physically based approximate model), aerosol optical depth is retrieved over different LULC classes and compared with that using sun photometer for the simultaneous passes. Keywords: Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD), SMART (Simple Model for Atmospheric Radiative Transfer), Advanced Wide Field Sensor (AWiFS) Cite this Article Manu Mehta, Rimjhim Rao, Gaurav J. Doley et al. AOD Retrieval Over Different LULC Features Using AWiFS Data—A Case Study Over Dehradun. Journal of Remote Sensing & GIS. 2017; 8(2): 54–57p.
A Review Paper on Role of GIS in Development of Smart Cities
Smart cities may define as a sustainable growth of urban area that gives an extra ordinary living condition by improving economy, environment, mobility, governance and energy efficiency etc. Smart cities are enabling automation and real-time integrated city monitoring and management through various technologies like a geographic information systems (GIS), global positioning systems (GPS), and remote sensing (RS) through the network of sensors, cameras, wireless devices and data centers. GIS plays an important role in transforming a city into a smart city. GIS, not only does map display but it is also useful in surveying, engineering and planning for the collection, processing, management and presentation of spatial information. High spatial resolution satellite images help to prepare urban land use maps depicting urban land uses such as agricultural, residential, industrial, commercial, public and semi-public (uses recreational, transportation etc). This paper explains the importance of GIS in smart city infrastructure. Keywords: Smart City, sustainable urban development, geoinformatics, remote sensing (RS), geographical information system (GIS), global positioning system (GPS) Cite this Article Tanu Sharma. A Review Paper on Role of GIS in Development of Smart Cities. Journal of Remote Sensing & GIS. 2017; 8(2): 38–44p.
Land Use/Land Cover Assessment of Tamil Nadu Coast, India using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques
Land use/land cover (LULC) mapping and monitoring has a significant role for regional planning, environmental and resource management towards sustainable management. The present study has been carried out for assessment of land use/land cover change in coastal districts of Tamil Nadu and Puducherry during last three decades. The study illustrated an integrated approach of remote sensing and GIS techniques to assess dynamic land use/cover in the coastal zone and estimate change rate using mean value theorem (MVT). Landsat satellite images of last three decades have been used to extract land use/land cover information. The satellite images are classified into twenty classes using a Multi-Disciplinary Approach (MDA) in GIS environment. The study shows the growing pattern of built-up land including urban and rural settlement during 1991–2014. The highest urban sprawl has observed about 4.31% (2014) in northern part of the study area. Agricultural/crop, plantation and scrub/grass land covers half of the study area. The study indicates that agricultural area has increased by 9.1% during 1991–2014 across the study area whereas the major increment of the agricultural land observed in Triunenvel and Kanyakumari districts, southern zone of the study area due to integrated watershed and irrigation management practices. The study shows a positive change rate and growing pattern of saltpan and fish pond along the Tamil Nadu coast, which is a significant impact of socio-economy. The study indicates towards land alteration/transformation, which may caused by demographic pressure and natural threats. The study also indicates the use of geospatial technology along with satellite image for land use/cover mapping and monitoring as well as management and sustainable development planning. Keywords: LULC, MDA, remote sensing, GIS, change rate, MVT Cite this Article Debabrata Ghorai, Santanu Roy, Ashis Kumar Paul. Land Use/Land Cover Assessment of Tamil Nadu Coast, India using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques. Journal of Remote Sensing & GIS. 2017; 8(2): 25–37p.
Spatial Database Model for Transport Management Using Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) in Tigray, Ethiopia
Transportation management and planning is a thought-provoking task to many developing countries, due to limited financial and technical resources. This is a critical problem too in Ethiopia, in Adwa city particular. The current road transportation in Adwa is not well managed, mainly because of lack of appropriate organization and access of up-to-date geo-information, leading to unhurried and depressed decision making. Due to the rapid expansion and urbanization developments in Adwa, the city instantaneously needs to develop a transportation management database, while optimizing its limited resources. This study was conducted by assessing the current transport management and planning activities, and then developing the spatial datable model using the available low-cost open source spatial database technologies, in order to improve it. Methods included, on one hand, the use of questionnaires, field survey, documentation and interview to identify the current status and on the other hand, use of UML to create a geospatial database model that will store road transport information. The study showed that with the use of low-cost, open sources spatial database technologies, road transport management and planning can be significantly improved. Keywords: Road transport, SOA, spatial database, Tigray, Ethiopia Cite this Article Kidu Gebremedhin W/gebriel, Desta Luel Tsegay. Spatial Database Model for Transport Management Using Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) in Tigray, Ethiopia. Journal of Remote Sensing and GIS. 2017; 8(2): 1–14p.
Spatial Based Tour Service in Facilitating Tourism Development in Tigray, Hawzen Woreda
Tourism is the temporary movement of people to destinations outside their normal places of work and residence, the activities undertaken during their stay in those destinations, and the facilities created to provide to their needs. Tigray has so many attraction tourist areas such as more than hundred twenty rock-hewn churches; most concentrated in the Wukro-Gheralta corridor, constitute the core of Tigray’s open air museum. But the region has no its own tourism mobile GIS web site to offer basic booking functionality in space and time, and are unable to support customers in their searches. Clearly, complexity and quantity of e-tourism products might become a critical problem because users cannot look up entire databases in order to choose the most suitable products for them in for that the researcher developed a mobile GIS model for tour services. Methods included first investigate the places that are interested to tourists in order to provide basic spatial information through field survey and documentations, second identify the issues that affect tourism development and third develop a mobile GIS model for tourism order for disseminating this tourism geo information through Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs), mobile phones and other handheld devices. A prototype of the system has been developed and tested; and its relevance was validated by the office of tourism. The study showed that with the use of GIS technologies, tourism development can be significantly improved in places where resources are limited such as in Hawzen Woreda office of tourism. Keywords: Tourism, Mobile GIS, Tigray, Ethiopia
GIS Based Fire Incident Emergency Response: A Case Study of Kano Urban Markets, Kano State, Nigeria
Fire, a terrific type of disaster, can destroy properties and lives which in turn brings about physical, social, structural, economic and welfare disturbances in a community. Market fire is not an exception of such destruction. The aim of this research is to assess the markets’ fire emergency response with a view to optimize the use of road network for quick response to the incident in the study area. This study explored geospatial techniques and Crimestat software to develop Journey-to-Incident model for ascertaining the distance fire fighters cover for responding to the market fire incident in the metropolitan Kano vis-à-vis the international standard of 3 min, for markets fire emergency responses, to reduce the damages to properties. The study revealed that the markets are located along the major routes and this makes them accessible to responders from different directions and this enables assessing the proximity to the nearest fire fighter’s stations using GIS network analysis. The study compared the modelling of the responses of some of the urban markets and the network analysis responses time, which gave the condition that there are impediments of traffic lights and some blockages along the roads, taken into cognizance the speed limits. The variation between the documented and network analysis response travel times for Bachirawa (Wood Sellers) market was higher. This was because the barricade mounted presently along the Katsina road divide, does not allow crossing the road. As such, fire fighting vehicle had to travel for 6 min to make a turn at Kofar Ruwa junctions. In conclusion, the GIS technique has proven to be an effective tool for better understanding of spatial events like fire incident in relation to location of the facility to respond to such inferno by considering the underlying route impediments hindering quickest response should be integrated into emergency management plan for fire incident, especially in the identified markets and other areas to meet the international standard. Keywords: GIS, fire, urban market, disaster, emergency response Cite this Article Ige-Olumide Olusola O, Umar Rabi’u N. GIS Based Fire Incident Emergency Response: A Case Study of Kano Urban Markets, Kano State, Nigeria. Journal of Remote Sensing and GIS. 2017; 8(2): 15–24p.
Some Aspects of the Vagaries in the Pattern of Meteorological Parameters in the State of Rajasthan in Association with the LULC Change
Present work examined the role of the change in land use and land cover (LULC) in altering the rainfall and temperature pattern over the western part of the Rajasthan, India. For this purpose, the high-resolution gridded rainfall and surface temperature data sets prepared by IMD (India Meteorological Department) and Climatological Research Unit Time Series (CRU TS 3.21) have been utilized. An increase in surface temperature and decrease in rainfall for the principal monsoon season (JJAS) during the period 1969–2012 is observed over the study region. Statistically robust significance test establish the fact that the pattern of rainfall and surface temperature has changed significantly during the past decades. Comparative analysis of the satellite observations from Landsat 5 TM (1992) and Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS (2012) revealed a considerable LULC changes in terms of the increase in vegetated land and urban settlement areas, whereas sand and water bodies have witnessed a decrease in area. Remotely sensed images from the OLS sensor (mounted on DMSP) indicate the escalation in the urbanization signature over the study region. Present analysis reveals that the correlation between the rainfall/surface temperature and the parameters which are more influenced by the local forcing (such as relative humidity/specific humidity/upward long-wave radiation) is not significant. Therefore, it is proposed that the changes observed in the rainfall and temperature pattern over the study area is much more influenced by the large scale forcing and moderately could be associated with the LULC changes and variations in the land-atmosphere fluxes. Keywords: IMD, CRU TS 3.2, JJAS, cumulative distribution, LULC, statistically robust, significant Cite this Article Charu Singh, Garima Chauhan. Some Aspects of the Vagaries in the Pattern of Meteorological Parameters in the State of Rajasthan in Association with the LULC Change. Journal of Remote Sensing & GIS. 2017; 8(1): 53–65p.
Identifying Trends in Landuse/Landcover Changes in Hisar Tehsil: A LCM Based Approach
Land is a source of all basic human needs, (e.g., agriculture, forest, water supply etc.) which is being continuously depleted by various agents. Urban growth and urbanization are considered as one of the major factors responsible for change in landcover dynamics and depletion of land resources. As compared with other landcover classes such as agricultural land, urban land has smaller area coverage but its impact to the surrounding environment is higher. An attempt, therefore, has been made to acquire reliable and timely spatio-temporal information of Hisar Tehsil of Haryana state to study and predict landcover dynamics. Decadal changes in the landuse pattern of the study area were monitored since 1990. The landcover maps generated after running an Iterative Self-Organizing Data Analysis Technique (ISODATA) unsupervised classification were used to differentiate the landuse classes. Both the built-up areas and water bodies show a gradual increase while the agricultural area marked shrinkage in area. Based on the scenario of landuse change over the years a prediction in the landuse changes for the years 2021 and 2031 was modeled. The predicted land classes lies in close proximity to the actual landuse classes. The Markov model used in the study was able to truly predict the changes in the landuse patterns. The accuracy assessment was done to indicate the reliability of study. Past trends in the landuse changes may predict the future patterns of landuse. Many such models to forecast the spatial and temporal changes in the landuse have been developed. Therefore, it was thought worthwhile to use such models for Indian conditions. Keywords: GIS, landuse/landcover changes, land change modeler, urbanization Cite this Article Sunil Malik, R.S. Hooda, Poonam Sharma et al. Identifying Trends in Landuse/Landcover Changes in Hisar Tehsil: a LCM Based Approach. Journal of Remote Sensing & GIS. 2017; 8(1): 1–8p.
Evaluation of Water Quality for Irrigation Purpose in Sitanadi Basin, Udupi District, Karnataka
Present study has been carried out with the objective to assess various factors controlling the groundwater quality with respect to irrigation, seasonal variations of groundwater quality for pre and post monsoon periods and to compare its suitability for irrigation use confirming to the latest water quality standards for irrigation. Sitanadi basin is located in the west coast of peninsular India, Udupi district of Karnataka. It extended between 13°20×³ and 13°35×³ N latitudes and 74°40×³ and 75°10×³ E longitude. The geographical area of basin is about 643.65 sq. km. A total of 56 open dug wells were inventoried for groundwater samples collection in Sitanadi basin. Two sets of groundwater samples were collected from the dug wells during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons of 2013, 2014 and 2015. Immediately after sampling, pH, EC, and TDS are tested in the field by a portable pH and an EC meter. These samples are used for analysis of major cations (Mg2+, Na+, Ca2+, K+) and major anions (HCO3-, Cl-, SO42-, NO32-). These parameters are used to derive irrigation quality of ground water such as SAR, %Na, Residual Sodium carbonate, Magnesium Hazards, Kellie’s ratio, CAI-I and CAI-II, Ca2+/Mg2+ ratio, Soluble Sodium Percentage, Potential salinity and Exchangeable Sodium Percentage. The ground water is found to fit to use for irrigation purposes except in few locations with respect to very few parameters such as Kelliy’s Ratio and Soluble Sodium Percentage. Keywords: Irrigation, water quality, classification Cite this Article Anantharama Vittal, Gajalakshmi Bharath. Evaluation of Water Quality for Irrigation Purpose in Sitanadi Basin, Udupi District, Karnataka. Journal of Remote Sensing & GIS. 2017; 8(1): 9–24p.
Forest Fire Hazards Vulnerability and Risk Assessment in Bhajji Forest Range of Himachal Pradesh (India): A Geospatial Approach
The vulnerability of the Indian forests to fire varies from place to place depending upon the type of vegetation and climate. The coniferous forest in the region is very prone to fire. Objective of the current work is to prepare a model which articulate the forest fire risk and assess the fire vulnerability so that the concerned authorities can minimize the fire danger. Fire hazard mapping was performed using knowledge based and AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) models. For each fire hazard map six classes, i.e., very high to very low and were overlaid to generate cumulative fire hazard map. Census data were used to examine the socio-economic characteristics of the region through computation of total population, cultivators, total male population, total female population, children in age group 0–6 years and literates. A composite socio-economic vulnerability index map was generated. For each fire vulnerability map, five classes, i.e., very high to very low were assigned. Fire risk map was generated using fire vulnerability and hazard map in which, results indicate that 1.97% of the area had (very high), 5.34% (high), 25.90% (moderate), 36.23% (low) and 30.56% (very low) fire risk zones using knowledge based technique whereas 1.97% of the area had (very high), 5.46% (high), 24.53% (moderate) 27.22% (low) and 40.80% (very low) fire risk zones using analytical hierarchy process technique. Thereafter validation was performed with previous forest fire records. The overall result shows that there was very minor change in the forest fire risk zones using both the techniques. Keywords: Forest Fire, MCDA, AHP, Vulnerability, Hazard, Risk Cite this Article Shruti Kanga, Gaurav Tripathi, Suraj Kumar Singh. Forest Fire Hazards Vulnerability and Risk Assessment in Bhajji Forest Range of Himachal Pradesh (India): A Geospatial Approach. Journal of Remote Sensing & GIS. 2017; 8(1): 25–40p.
A Geospatial Approach to Interlink Seasonal Reservoirs to Mitigate Drought at Micro-Level in Sivaganga Taluk, Tamilnadu
Drought is one of the most widespread hydro-meteorological syndrome of ‘prolonged period of water Scarcity affecting human life. Government of India has declared 13 states under drought prone regions and Sivaganga district in the state of Tamilnadu is selected for this study as it falls under Drought Prone Area Programme. The aim of this study is to identify and manage drought on microlevel. LANDSAT ETM+ of 2015, SRTM DEM, ten years (i.e 2005-2015) of rainfall and borewell data were used for generating various thematic layers such as land use and land cover (LULC), NDSI and NDWI followed by hydrology modelling. Zones that are falling under the criteria of minimum rainfall, minimum water level and high NDSI value, identified of water stress. The interlinks are overlaid on identified water stress zones to propose the interlink path for diverting surplus water from seasonal ponds to mitigate drought at micro level with validation. Keywords: Microlevel Drought, LULC, Indices, Water logged and canals interlink
Development of an Integrated System Prototype to Improve Decisions in Land Use Planning and Management in Ethiopia, Hawzen
Constitutional land use planning provides a means of legal control over changes in land use and provides an opportunity to allocate land use to areas best suited to that activity. However, since land use planning is not surveying properly and essentially only deals with suggestions to improve land use system. Land use planning and resource management is a challenging task to many developing countries, due to limited technical resource. Currently land use planning and management is poorly managed, mainly caused by a lack of appropriate organization and access of integrated up-to-date geo-geospatial information, leading to unhurried decision making. Due to the rapid growth, urbanization and expansion of investment in Hawzen Woreda, the Office of Land Administration urgently needs to upgrade its land use planning system, while optimizing its limited resources. This study was conducted first to assess and evaluate the current practice in land use planning and management, and second to exploit the use of available low-cost Geographic Information Systems technologies in order the classify the parcels to land use based on criterion. Methods included PostgreSQL to create the database and use of the Open Geospatial Consortium standards of geo-spatial information and dissemination of this information through geoportal. An integrated system has been developed and tested; spatial analysis and decision support systems are applied and its relevance was validated by experts and managers in the Wereda. The study showed that with the use of low-cost GIS technologies, land use planning and management can be significantly vital. Keywords: Land use planning, GIS, open source software, Hawzen, Ethiopia Cite this Article Kidu Gebremedhin Weldegebriel. Development of an Integrated System Prototype to Improve Decisions in Land Use Planning and Management in Ethiopia, Hawzen. Journal of Remote Sensing & GIS. 2017; 8(1): 41–52p.
Zonation of Potential Groundwater and Its Spatial Correlation with Indices and Boreholes: Western Region of Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia
Water has a significant role in day to day life of people to fulfill their requirements. Although, study area is a part of Blue Nile basin but it has great water scarcity because of its topographic and geological nature. It has been observed during the field visit that people are travelling long to get the water from remote areas. Productivity through groundwater is quite high as compared to surface water, but groundwater resources have not yet been properly exploited. The present study attempts to identify Groundwater Potential (GWP) zones in the Sede River Watershed of the Blue Nile Basin using an integrated remote sensing and GIS techniques employed Satty's Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The thematic layers were integrated using weighted overlay analysis method to delineate GWP map of the study area. Study highlighted the different potential sites where the water could accumulate and resist long time. Geology and lineament are the mainly control for the occurrence and movement of groundwater in the study area. Normalized Differentiate Water Index (NDWI) results showed the positive value less than 0.09 which highlights no existence of water where the community struggling a lot. Finally extracted pixels (>0.20) of NDMI and resulted groundwater potential sites has been validated by existing borehole data. Interestingly, study found very close relationships between them and out of 58 boreholes, approximately 15 were found under very good and good ground water potential zones and vicinity of extracted moisture pixels of NDMI. Keywords: Groundwater potential, GIS and Remote Sensing, NDWI, NDMI, Sede Watershed, Ethiopia Cite this Article Demeke Sewnet, Hasan Raja Naqvi, A.S. Mohammed Abdul Athick. Zonation of Potential Groundwater and Its Spatial Correlation with Indices and Boreholes: Western Region of Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia. Journal of Remote Sensing & GIS. 2016; 7(3): 22–34p.
Spatial Multi Criteria Evaluation for Solid Waste Disposal Site Selection in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia: Case Study of Wukro and Adi-gudom Towns
Identifying solid waste disposal sites and appropriately managing them is challenging task to many developing countries. This is also a critical problem in Ethiopia in general and in the towns of Wukro and Adi-gudom in particular. The existing waste disposal sites of both towns are not sufficient in capacity; and due to the location of the sites and the type of wastes dumped the surrounding areas are impacted severely. The rapid population growth and sprawling of the towns are further aggravating the problem. This study was conducted to first assess the existing solid waste management strategies in both towns; and secondly to identify potential solid waste disposal sites, using GIS and remote sensing techniques. The study used spatial multi criteria evaluation (SMCE) method. SMCE was used to combine influencing factors and constraints for the selection of dumping sites locations in each town. First, site suitability maps for each of the factors and constraints were developed within GIS. In Wukro, results indicated that 12 locations were found appropriate whereas in Adi-gudom 9 locations were found appropriate. They were further ranked against their suitability in terms of wind direction, proximity to settlement area and distance from the center of the town. Finally, two locations were identified as the best appropriate site locations for both towns. This study showed that the spatial multi criteria evaluation methods are proved to be efficient and low cost tools to select appropriate dumping sites so as to facilitate decision making processes. Future work on incorporating hydrological factors that influence the dumping site selections are recommended to fine tune the results. Keywords: Ethiopia, GIS, MCE, remote sensing, solid waste site disposal Cite this Article A.A.Mohammedshum, M.A.Gebresilassie, C.M. Rulinda. Spatial Multi Criteria Evaluation for Solid Waste Disposal Site Selection in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia: Case Study of Wukro and Adi-gudom Towns. Journal of Remote Sensing & GIS. 2016; 7(3): 1–9p.
Improvement of a Geospatial Web-Network for Road Substructure Management in Mekelle City, Ethiopia
Infrastructure is a framework which covers the basic facilities and capacities of material, institutional and personnel kind which are essential for the functioning of a national economy. Road is key infrastructure which leads to an overall better standard of living; it is currently the heart of regional connectivity of a continent. Road substructure management is a challenging task to many developing countries, due to limited technical resources. This is a challenging issue too in Ethiopia in general, and in Mekelle city in particular. In Mekelle road substructure is poorly managed, mainly caused by a lack of appropriate organization and access of spatial information timely, leading to poor and unhurried decision making processes. Due to the fast expansion and urbanization developments, the city urgently needs to upgrade its road management system, while optimizing its limited resources. This study was conducted first to assess the existing road substructure management in Mekelle city, and second to exploit the use of available low-cost geo-spatial Web technologies so as to improve it. Methods included the use of PostgreSQL to create a geospatial database that will store road substructure information and the use of the Open Geo-spatial Consortium (OGC) standard’s Web Map Service (WMS) for disseminating this information over the Internet, through an interactive geo-portal. A Geo-spatial Web prototype has been developed and tested; and its relevance was validated by users in Mekelle city. The study showed that with the use of Geo-spatial Web technologies, road substructure management can be improved significantly in places where resources are limited. Keywords: Road Substructure Management, Geo-spatial Web-Network, Mekelle, Ethiopia Cite this Article Kidu Gebremedhin. Improvement of a Geospatial Web-network for Road Substructure Management in Mekelle City, Ethiopia. Journal of Remote Sensing & GIS. 2016; 7(3): 35–46p.
A Contribution to the Improvement of Water Supply Network Maintenance in Cameroon Using Mobile GIS and Web Mapping
The management of the water supply networks (WSN) of Cameroon is a very big challenge, particularly in terms of maintenance and monitoring. This paper aimed at contributing to the improvement of the reactive maintenance of the water networks of Cameroon but also to open a way towards a proactive maintenance in this country. It demonstrated the great advantage offered by a tablet using a mobile GIS (Geographic Information System) for visualizing and finding underground network elements. Another tool that was essential in this document was Google’s Fusion Tables (GFT) which is a free data visualization web tool. Based on some sample data of pipes and valves collected in Ekounou quarter, thematic web maps displaying data points and spatial information were developed in order to demonstrate how Web Mapping can help decide when and what network element to change. A mechanism of updating databases and then web maps was also highlighted in the last part of the paper where it is suggested a proactive schema for maintenance and monitoring of Cameroon’s WSN. Keywords: Water supply network, Mobile GIS, Web mapping, GNSS, Predictive models of pipe failures Cite this Article Ekani Mebenga Thibaut Aloys, Takem Ebangha Agbor Delphine, Moha EL-AYACHI et al. A Contribution to the Improvement of Water Supply Network Maintenance in Cameroon Using Mobile GIS and Web Mapping. Journal of Remote Sensing & GIS. 2016; 7(3): 47–56p.
Satellite based Monitoring of Water Resource Project using Google Earth: A Case Study of Bhima LIS
Monitoring of physical progress of water resources projects is challenging because the field inspection has serious limitations as the canal network isn’t uniform across the command area. The canal network consists of main canals, distributaries and minors of varying dimensions right from head works towards tail end. Hence, use of remote sensing and geographical information system (RS and GIS) offers tremendous scope in monitoring of progress of water resources projects as the field visits are limited by accessibility to command area, time constraints and constraints to choose the location. But the varying dimensions of canal network in command area is also challenging for RS and GIS as it demands very high resolution satellite images to map the alignment of canal network that varies as less as 50 cm and discriminate the breaks in canal network. Bhima lift irrigation scheme (Bhima LIS) in southern Indian state of Karnataka has been chosen for the present study. The study illustrates how the challenges encountered during monitoring of physical progress in Bhima LIS such as limitations of India’s Cartosat images were overcome using Pleidas satellite images and GIS tools of Google Earth. The present study then unravels the various short comings in the execution of canal network of Bhima LIS through use of RS and GIS techniques of Google Earth which could have been impossible with either field visits as well as Cartosat satellite images. Keywords: Monitoring, irrigation potential, remote sensing, GIS, Google Earth, distributary Cite this Article Harsha J, Pandian R, Thulasidharan M et al. Satellite based Monitoring of Water Resource Project using Google Earth: A Case Study of Bhima LIS. Journal of Remote Sensing & GIS. 2016; 7(3): 10–21p.
Land Suitability Analysis for Urban Land Use Development
Quiha is rapidly growing sub-city in terms of population and spatial growth in the last two decades. The city is characterized by mixed and conflicting land uses due to lack of adopting proper spatial decision support techniques. The aim of the study is to assess the existing land use and propose a method to facilitate land suitability analysis. Accordingly, the current urban land use of the sub-city was assessed; maps were generated for the possible suitable areas for urban land use development by using GIS and multi-criteria decision analysis. Mainly, seven criteria, i.e. land use/land cover, flood hazards, slope, road proximity, aspect, elevation and distance from the airport were used for the urban land use development. As per the suitability map, the total study area was divided into four different suitability categories such as highly suitable 20%, moderately suitable 19%, low suitable 19% and unsuitable 42%. The suitability map validation was assessed using the techniques of ground truth verification and sensitivity analysis. Finally, the suitability map was compared with the existing land use. Accordingly, 22% of the land from the highly suitable category is already being used for the settlements and military camps, 20% of the land from the low suitable category is being used for settlements, while 58% are classified as forest and reserved from the category of unsuitable. In this suitability analysis study, optimal suitable area for the urban land use development approximately matches with the preferences of the local land use experts. Cite this Article Vanum Govindu, Ataklti G/Selassie. Land Suitability Analysis for Urban Land Use Development. Journal of Remote Sensing & GIS. 2016; 7(2): 27–40p.
Role of Geographic Information System and Remote Sensing in Monitoring and Management of Urban and Watershed Environment: Overview
Geoinformatics technology is basically comprises of 3S component, Remote Sensing (RS), Geographic Information System (GIS) and Global Positioning System (GPS). Nowadays Geographic Information System and Remote Sensing are playing a crucial role in our environmental development, raw materials assessment, urbanization, study of watershed, survey and management of cultivable land, study of forestry, geological structure, disaster management and supervision, etc. GIS and RS have emerged as key instruments for retrieving data and information on the earth during the last 30 years. These days, spatial, temporal and spectral resolve satellite data are accessible and using GIS environment their applications have multiplied for the purpose of research work. The objective of the present paper is to present an overview of the state-of-the-art technology behind GIS and RS. This study also highlights the importance of GIS and RS in managing, monitoring and analysing of contemporary issues, such as, urbanization and watershed management, etc. Cite this Article Avinash Kumar Ranjan, Vallisree S, Rahul Kumar Singh. Role of Geographic Information System and Remote Sensing in Monitoring and Management of Urban and Watershed Environment: Overview. Journal of Remote Sensing & GIS. 2016; 7(2): 60–73p.
Land Transformation and Redevelopment Plan in CBD (A GIS based Study of Lal Chowk, J&K, India)
Rapid urbanization promoted the economic and social development, which is a prominent feature of the industrial era and is also a major driving force altering local and regional environments in the form of land use/land cover change and land transformation. The concept of CBD came into existence with the onset of urbanization that brought transformation of traditional rural economies where primary economic activities are dominated by the modern industrial society of secondary and tertiary economic activities. Cities are manmade physical structures, placed in natural settings. Cities with rapid growth (especially in developing countries) expand without planning. During the past 50 years, urban population in India has increased by more than six times. The present study focuses to understand the respondent’s activities, which influence the transformations in land use/land cover of the CBD. In this case, study, the focus is on human response to the different social, economic and cultural aspects. The study used spatial tools such as geographic information systems (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) data, which enabled to quantify land use change and transformation, and linked the socioeconomic transformation with land transformation process and associated issues. In the end, the study proposed certain diagnostic suggestions for redevelopment. Cite this Article Arshad Amin, Shahab Fazal. Land Transformation and Redevelopment Plan in CBD (A GIS based Study of Lal Chowk, J&K, India). Journal of Remote Sensing & GIS. 2016; 7(2): 16–26p.
FEATURE SELECTION METHODS FOR OBJECT-BASED CLASSIFICATION OF TROPICAL FOREST USING SPOT 5 IMAGERY
The faster development of spatial technology, the more options in material for image analysis and this characteristic also leads to a huge diversity of image features. Aiming at investigating the optimal feature space for classification with emphasis on efficiency in less time-consuming, image objects separability, certain numbers of approaches ranging from graphical to statistical methods involving class separation distances have been used for classification related to Object-based Image Analysis (OBIA). Hence, a robust comparison of the utility and efficiency among methods is necessary. This paper presents the comparison between two approaches of optimal feature selection in the context of forest classification with Spot 5 imagery in the Nongha commune, the North eastern Vietnam. The first one is JeffreysMatusita distance, which uses the tool named Separability and Threshold (SEaTH) running in an IDL virtual machine environment and the other is Euclidean distance using the feature space optimization tool in eCognition software (FSO). This study mainly focuses on assessment of processing time, simplicity in using, feature space reduction and classification accuracy. After testing, SEaTH method shows advantages in term of classification accuracy, while FSO is a quite simple method which is user-friendly and does not require much in complicated manipulations. Finally, each approach results in different advantages and disadvantages. In the context of this study, which emphasize on forest classification using Spot 5 image, it is possible to conclude that SEaTH is the best choice. Cite this Article Tran Van Ho, Jagadeeswara Rao P. Feature Selection Methods for ObjectBased Classification of Tropical Forest Using Spot 5 Imagery. Journal of Remote Sensing & GIS. 2016; 7(2): 41–49p.
Health Disaster Risk Assessment Using GIS and Remote Sensing Techniques: A Case Study of Malaria
Malaria, curable and preventable, is a life threatening disease and also can be regarded as a concurrent health disaster. This disease is greatly influenced by environmental factors such as temperature, rainfall, humidity and altitude which affect the survival and longevity of the vector mosquito, and the presence of water bodies which are breeding sites. Advancement in GIS and remote sensing has brought about an improved spatial analysis through the integrated use of GIS capabilities particularly in the health areas. It has also brought the development of a new approach of dealing with diseases including malaria. This paper reviewed published works on the various ways in which GIS and remote sensing have been applied in the identification of malaria risk areas. From the review, it was discovered that GIS and remote sensing have been applied in the identification of malaria risk areas including GIS and remote sensing as sources of spatial data in the form of satellite imageries from remotely sensed data; extraction of information on environmental factors that affect malaria risk, several spatial analysis including buffer zone generation, overlay analysis, DEM generation; mapping and predictive modelling of malaria risk areas using techniques like Bayesian modelling and krigging. Cite this Article Olusola O. Ige-Olumide, Shogo Garuba. Health Disaster Risk Assessment Using GIS and Remote Sensing Techniques: A case study of Malaria. Journal of Remote Sensing & GIS. 2016; 7(2): 50–59p.
Prioritization of Micro/Mini Watersheds and Identification of Locations to Construct Rainwater Harvesting Structures using Morphometric Parameters and Geoinformatics
Nalluru Amani Kere Watershed (NAKW) is constituent of Caveri river basin, Karnataka state, covering 415.68 km2 area, representing arid climate. The NAKW has been divided into thirty one micro/mini watersheds (MWS) of 3rd order, designated as MWS-1 to MWS-31, for the purpose of prioritization. For this purpose, morphometric parameters were calculated under linear and shape aspects. Linear aspects such as; drainage density (Dd), bifurcation ratio (Rb), stream frequency (Fu), length of overland flow (Lg), texture ratio (T), and the shape parameter such as; shape factor (Bs), form factor (Rf), compactness constant (Cc), elongation ratio (Re), and circularity ratio (Rc) are utilised for prioritisation of MWS. Above morphometric parameter was determined for each MWS and assigned rank on the basis of value and relationship with erodibility so as to arrive at a compound value for final ranking based on which sub-watersheds were prioritised. Soil map, slope map and land use maps with stream numbers are used in spatial analysis tool of ArcGIS 9.2 platform to identify the best feasible locations to construct different types of engineering structures (water harvesting/soil conservation) in the sub-watersheds. Cite this Article Anantharama V, Gajalakshmi K. Prioritization of micro/mini watersheds and identification of locations to construct rainwater harvesting structures using Morphometric parameters and Geoinformatics. Journal of Remote Sensing & GIS. 2016; 7(2): 1–15p.
The Impact of Linear Infrastructure on Land Utilization using GIS
In all urban centers of the Tigray region and the nation as whole, there is inefficient urban land utilization and development. The bottlenecks in the supply of serviced land are caused by inadequate provision of infrastructure and services. Moreover, the government often provides arterial infrastructure, leaving the provision of secondary and tertiary infrastructure to individuals or private sector developers. As a result private sectors or individuals assembled raw land only. Land closest to the arterial infrastructure was developed causing ribbon or corridor development. Parcels further away from existing physical linear infrastructure are economically inefficient than those closest. Urban land utilization in Mekelle city in general and AdiHaki Dejen area in particular is inefficient due to lack of infrastructure provision and under regulation. Therefore, the objective the study was to evaluate the impact of physical linear infrastructure on urban land utilization and development in AdiHaki Dejen area. To do so, the research started by evaluating and analyzing the current condition of urban land utilization using primary and secondary data sources. ArcGIS was used to analyze the proximity of linear infrastructure to parcels. Then, ArcGIS SQL was used to identify and analyze parcels close to infrastructure and those that are further away. The study shows that poor land utilization and development are caused by poor road access, drainage line, water supply line, telecommunication cable line and electric transmission line and street light. Generally, the study concludes that the main problem of the study area is inadequate linear infrastructure provision and under regulation. So, parcels further away from existing physical linear infrastructure are economically inefficient than those closest. This result was used as base line for urban planners, land use planners and managers to use the application of ArcGIS in urban land use planning and utilization for economically efficient land development and management. Cite this Article Haftay Hailu G/Yohannes, Vanum Govindu, Amare Gebremedhin Nigusse..The Impact of Linear Infrastructure on Land Utilization using GIS. Journal of Remote Sensing & GIS. 2016; 7(1): 64–74p.
A GIS Based Tool to Digitize Polygon and Line Segments of a Black and White Map
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:RelyOnVML /> <o:AllowPNG /> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--> In this paper a GIS based tool has been proposed to digitize polygon and line objects through efficient usage of RGB values of the segments of raster maps. For digitization of polygon, initially a closed loop is drawn inside the polygon segment. Beginning from the initial point of the closed loop, eight connected pixels calculation is incorporated to obtain the points existing in between the loop and the actual boundary. The points which exist outside the loop are compared with the RGB value of the boundary points to calculate the boundary. The boundary points are stored in the boundary array after arranging them in the cyclic order. In the existing tool, the polygon segment is digitized using the single click but the drawback is that lot of memory space is required for the processing. The concept of single click boundary calculation is also integrated in this tool to vectorise the small and/or narrow segments where drawing of closed loop inside the segment is difficult. For digitization of line, initially a point is selected on the line. Then, gradually scanning is performed from that point to both sides of selected point until it reaches the junction points. After that two arrays for both directions are merged to obtain the actual line coordinates. The polygon boundary and line segments points are minimized by obtaining minimum number of points of the segment which reduce the space complexity and minimize to the essential boundary points compared to the existing tools. Cite this Article Kundu K, Halder P, Mandal JK. A GIS Based Tool to Digitize Polygon and Line Segments of a Black and White Map. 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