Journal of Materials & Metallurgical Engineering
Journal of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering ( JoMME) is an international eJournal focused towards the rapid publication of fundamental research papers on all areas of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering. Focus and Scope Covers Materials in Industry Microtechnology Crystallography Metallurgy Biomaterials Tribology Ceramography Glass Science
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Effect of Process Parameters on Material Removal Rate of Wire-Cut EDM of AISI EN 31 Tool Steel
This paper is an attempt to find the effect of input process parameters on the material removal rate of WEDM of AISI EN 31 tool steel. The parameters taken for this study were pulse on time, pulse off time, peak current. The other process parameters like wire tension, servo voltage, wire feed rate, and spark gap voltage are kept constant. The experiment was designed using Taguchi’s L18 orthogonal array. The analysis of variance was used to study the overall effect of these parameters. The result revealed that pulse on time and pulse off time are the most significant to influence material removal rate (MRR), followed by wire type. Cite this Article Nimratjot Singh, Khushdeep Goyal, Rakesh Bhatia. Effect of Process Parameters on Material Removal Rate of Wire-Cut EDM of AISI EN 31 Tool Steel. Journal of Materials & Metallurgical Engineering. 2017; 7(2): 35-41p.
Tensile Behavior of Cast AA6082 Reinforced Particle Metal Matrix Composite
The development of light weight metal matrix composite (MMC) based on aluminium matrix reinforced with Cu/Sic/Graphite has been discussed in the present paper. It has emerged as an important class of materials, finding increasing applications in automotive parts, aero-space and structural applications. The present work emphasizes on developed aluminium metal matrix composite (AMMC) material in stir casting route. The fabricated composites are tested for their tensile property. The result shows that composite have higher tensile strength than AA6082. Cite this Article Shashank Agrawal, Dinesh Kumar Kasdekar, Sharad Agrawal. Tensile Behavior of Cast AA6082 Reinforced Particle Metal Matrix Composite. Journal of Materials & Metallurgical Engineering. 2017; 7(2): 1-5p.
Multi Objective Optimization in Turning Parameters of Al 6463 using Principal Component Analysis
In multi objective optimization, weight criterion of each objective is important for producing better and accurate solutions. Now a day, due to the growing requirement of the higher precision apparatus for its useful aspect, machining time (MT) and material removal rate (MRR) of a machined part plays a significant role in the modern manufacturing process. This study focuses on optimizing CNC turning parameters on Al 6463 based on principal component analysis (PCA). The experiments have been conducted using full factorial design (FFD) in the design of experiments (DOE) on computer numerical controlled (CNC) turning, with the combination of four machining parameters which are: spindle speed (SS), feed rate (FR), depth of cut (DOC) and coolant. PCA has been employed on performance parameters for simultaneous minimization of MT and maximization of MRR. It is used to change multiple objectives to a single objective. Further, the analysis of variance (ANOVA), response table and confirmation test was used to analyze the impact of process parameters during machining, to find out the optimal setting of process parameters for turning process. Hence, this confirms that the proposed approach in this study can be a useful tool to improve the turning performance of Al 6463 in CNC turning process. Cite this Article Suneel Kumar Rathore, Jyoti Vimal. Multi Objective Optimization in Turning Parameters of Al 6463 using Principal Component Analysis. Journal of Materials & Metallurgical Engineering. 2017; 7(2): 6–15p.
Experimental Investigation of Effect of Laser Process Parameters and Heat Input on Hardened Bead Geometry and Power Density of ASTM Grade 3 Pure Titanium using CW Laser Beam
This research paper presents the experimental study of laser process parameters and heat input on hardened bead profile of ASTM Grade 3 commercially pure titanium sheet of 1.5 mm thickness using 2kW CW Nd: YAG laser. The selected two laser process parameters are: (1). Low laser process parameter (LLPP): Laser Power (LP): 600 Watts, Scanning speed (SS): 2000 mm/min, Focused position (FP): -10 mm with heat Input (HI): 180 J/cm and (2). High laser process parameter (HLPP): Laser Power (LP): 800 Watts, Scanning speed (SS): 3000 mm/min, Focused position (FP): -10mm with heat Input (HI): 160 J/cm. The results indicated that minimum hardened depth (Hd) achieved for LLPP and HLPP are 343 and 274 microns, respectively. The results also predicted that average, maximum, and minimum values of hardened bead geometry measured responses: hardened depth (Hd), hardened bead width (Hbw), angle of hardened bead geometry (AEhb) are minimum for high laser process parameter as compared to low laser process parameter. But power density values achieved for low laser process parameter are also minimum in contrast to high laser process parameter. Heat input, scanning speed and power density play an important role in laser hardened-bead parameters dimension. Microstructural survey of laser hardened surface is smooth, continuous and heat-affected zone (HAZ) is very narrow. However, the hardened zone and the affected and unaffected base metal are distinct by its structures. Cite this Article Duradundi Sawant. Badkar. Experimental Investigation of Effect of Laser Process Parameters and Heat Input on Hardened Bead Geometry and Power Density of ASTM Grade 3 Pure Titanium using CW Laser Beam. Journal of Materials & Metallurgical Engineering. 2017; 7(2): 42–52p.
Mechanical and Micro-structural Properties of Friction Stir Welded Dissimilar Joints of Aluminium Alloys
In this work, the microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir welded dissimilar joints of 6101-to-6063 aluminium alloys were evaluated. Tool with round pin profile was fabricated of high speed steel material which was suitable for friction stir welding of aluminium alloys. Under monotonic tensile loading, an increase in the joint strength was observed with the increase in the tool rotational speed. The micro-hardness of friction stir zone increased with increase in tool rotational speed while the micro-hardness of friction stir zone increased as the welding speed decreased. The heat effected microstructure showed uniform and dense weld zone without any defect. It was observed that the weld material was defect free. Cite this Article Malwinder Singh, Khushdeep Goyal, Harwinder Singh, et al. Mechanical and Micro-structural Properties of Friction Stir Welded Dissimilar Joints of Aluminium Alloys. Journal of Materials & Metallurgical Engineering. 2017; 7(2): 6-12p.
Comparative Study of Parabolic Leaf Spring and Different Materials
Springs are used in automobile applications as they expand in size when loaded and regain its original shape when removed. They also absorb vibrations, shocks and loads utilizing damping, they absorb the energy in the form of potential energy. Springs’ capacity to absorb and store more strain energy makes the suspension system more comfortable. Conventional spring and parabolic springs are widely utilized springs and are currently the topic of research because of their applications and capabilities. In present scenario in automobile industry spring are getting replaced by the composite spring. Literature reveals that composites are being used widely in place of conventional material because of their absorbing capability. Literature also reveals that conventional leaf springs are getting replaced by parabolic springs. Present paper discusses the parabolic leaf spring, materials of the springs and its modelling. Composite materials like epoxy, E-glass, GRP (Glass Reinforced Plastic) etc. are the combination of two or more materials. A wide amount of study has been conducted in this paper to investigate the design and analysis of parabolic spring. A parabolic spring has also been designed in the present paper. Cite this Article Shubham Singh, Arun Singh Kushwah. Comparative Study of Parabolic Leaf Spring and Different Materials. Journal of Materials & Metallurgical Engineering. 2017; 7(2): 23–27p.
Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of Al2O3-TiO2 Coated Ti6Al4V Alloy based on Taguchi Method
Ti6Al4V alloys are extensively used as implant material for bio-medical applications due to their high specific strength. But, their poor wear resistance results in formation of wear debris in implants and causing soreness. In this work, Al2O3-TiO2 coatings were applied to improve the wear resistance and hardness. Al2O3-TiO2 coatings are deposited on the substrate with 100, 200, 300, 400 μm thickness using detonation spray (DS). Pin on disc wear tests have been carried out with ASTM G-99 standard test procedure. Wear of the coated specimens was studied using Taguchi method and optimum parameters for decreasing the wear were determined. The predicted values and experimental values were good in agreement, and confirmed by using validation experiment. Cite this Article Raja Roy M, Ramanaiah N, Sundara Siva Rao BSK. Dry sliding wear behavior of Al2O3-TiO2 coated Ti6Al4V alloy based on Taguchi method. Journal of Materials & Metallurgical Engineering. 2017; 7(2): 28–34p.
Experimental Evaluation and Optimization of Dry Drilling Parameters of Stainless Steel Using Different Drill Bit
Drilling is one of the widely used in machining processes for various purposes. Stainless steel is frequently used in automotive, aircraft and aerospace and dies or mold industries, home appliances, medical and electrical equipment, but machining of stainless steel is difficult due to high tensile strength, high ductility, low heat conductivity and high fracture toughness. The cutting temperature at drill tool-chip interface affects drill hole quality, lowers the tool life, reduces hole surface finishing and blunt edges of drill tool that decreases productivity. The main objective of this work is to reduce temperature caused in drill tool while dry drilling of stainless steel by optimizing drilling parameters and selecting suitable drill tool material. The values of drill tool bit temperatures were measured using an infrared thermometer. By varying spindle speed, depth of cut and feed rate the experimental proof to be evaluated. Simulation will be done with DEFORM 3D software. Cite this Article Raj Jariwala, Kaushik Saliya, Sanjay Panchal et al. Experimental Evaluation and Optimization of Dry Drilling Parameters of Stainless Steel Using Different Drill Bit. Journal of Materials & Metallurgical Engineering. 2017; 7(1): 43–48p.
Recovery of Tungsten and Copper from Waste Tungsten Copper Borings
During the last many years, the unused tungsten and copper alloy from the discarded electric and electronic equipment and industrial scraps are gathering attention as a section of waste. Because of tungsten's many diverse uses, numerous types of scrap were available for recycling by a wide variety of processes. In the present study, tungsten and copper was recovered by leaching process in ammonium hydroxide solution followed by electro winning process. This results the production of APT crystals and when heated it gives tungstic acid. On further heating, this tungstic acid with coke at around 1000°C gives tungsten powder and by electro winning process pure copper is obtained. Ammonium Paratungstate has a wide usage such as tungsten metal powders, tungsten oxides of high purity or as a laboratory reagent. It is also used in some other applications like coloring agent and in catalyst industry. Cite this Article Nicky Kisku, Sau DC. Recovery of tungsten and copper from waste tungsten copper borings. Journal of Materials & Metallurgical Engineering. 2017; 7(1): 1–8p.
Development of Aluminium Based Silicon Carbide Particulate Metal Matrix Composite for Cylinder Liner
Cylinder liner is used in engine block to give a wear protective surface for piston and piston rings. Friction accounts for a loss of over 30% of the total vehicle power. Over half of that power loss can be attributed to the frictional loss between piston rings and cylinder bores. The best approach for improving power train efficiency is to reduce friction loss and the way for reducing the rolling resistance is to reduce vehicle weight. One of the ways to aid in an automobile’s fuel economy by reducing vehicle weight and reducing friction loss simultaneously is to remove the cast iron cylinder block liners and replace them with a lighter, more thermally efficient material. Therefore, in order for the alternative to be a viable option for replacing cast iron liners, the more it can reduce the frictional loss between the cylinder liner and the piston ring. The aluminum based silicon carbide metal matrix composites (Al- SiC MMC) exhibits light weight, superior specific strength and specific stiffness, high temperature capability, lower coefficient of thermal expansion, better wear resistance, improved dimensional stability, and responsiveness to conventional metal forming techniques. The composite is to be prepared by powder metallurgy route followed by sintering. The tribological properties were checked for the composite both at ambient and elevated temperature by using pin heating machine. Thus an attempt is made through this project to serve one additional composite material for the given application. Cite this Article Mrinalini Sudhakar Rasal, Narawade Prashant A. Development of Aluminium Based Silicon Carbide Particulate Metal Matrix Composite for Cylinder Liner. Journal of Materials & Metallurgical Engineering. 2017; 7(1): 17–29p.
A Review on an Investigation on the Effect of Immersed Medium in Friction Stir Welding of Aluminium Alloys (AA 6061-T6)
Friction stir welding is solid state welding technology used for welding of low melting point metals such as Al, Mg and its alloys. FSW process can be controlled by different parameters like rotational speed, feed rate and welding medium. In this process, a cylindrical nonconsumable tool, with a profiled probe (pin) rotating about its own axis is slowly plunged into the abutting edges of work pieces rigidly clamped to a backing plate. When the shoulder of the tool touches work piece surface, the tool is translated (with an axial force) along the length of the joint forming the joint in the solid state. In this research, friction stir welding parameters and its effect on aluminium alloy AA 6061-T6 is investigated. Aluminium 6061 alloy is commonly used for construction of aircraft structures. In experimental part, the effect of different welding parameters on thermal histories, tensile properties and micro structural properties are studied. Friction stir welding consumes less energy. It provides improved mechanical properties. This paper gives review of basic concepts of friction stir welding. Cite this Article Satyam Patel, Shah HN. A Review on an Investigation on the Effect of Immersed Medium in Friction Stir Welding of Aluminium Alloys (AA 6061-T6). Journal of Materials & Metallurgical Engineering. 2017; 7(1): 9–16p.
Simulation of Dual Microstructure Heat Treatment Process and Residual Stresses in Gas Turbine Disc by DeformHT Software
Gas turbine disc is one of the most vital components in advanced gas engine. In order to improve the tensile strength and fatigue strength of the disc, finer grain size is to be attained at bore area and coarser grain structure at rim area in order to resist the growth of creep. Attempts have been made by several researchers experimentally on the development of dual microstructure for Inconel-718 by heat treatment technique. However, the simulation of induction and resistance heat treatment process to achieve dual grain size and reduce residual stresses is not yet reported. In the present work, an attempt is made to obtain the optimal induction heat treatment process parameters to achieve the dual grain structure at bore area and estimate the residual stresses to predict the disc performance. The induction heat treatment process is simulated using DEFORMHT software to achieve dual grain size of 5.6 μm at bore area and 46.3 μm at rim area of the disc. The rim area of the disc was heated to 1080ºC with varying input power from 10 to 30 kW at frequency 20 kHz. The disc was soaked for 60 min at a constant temperature of 1080ºC and then cooled at a rate of 1ºC/min to room temperature. The disc with induced residual stresses was further subjected to heating at 700, 800 and 900ºC. Reduction in residual stresses was finally achieved by soaking the disc at three intervals (3600, 7200, and 1800 s). Grain size achieved after and before resistance heat treatment was measured by obtaining state variable method in DEFORMHT software). Cite this Article Adarsha H, Ramesh S, Prasad Kaushik V et al. Simulation of Dual Microstructure Heat Treatment Process and Residual Stresses in Gas Turbine Disc by DeformHT Software. Journal of Materials & Metallurgical Engineering. 2017; 7(1): 30–42p.
Solidification Curve Analysis of Cylindrical Casting by FEM
In casting process, molten metal is solidified in mould cavity. Solidification process majorly classify into three different sections: (i) liquefaction (ii) solidify (iii) after solidification. In all three processes, one parameter which is called 'IHTC' (Intermediate Heat Transfer Coefficient), is varies with time. IHTC coefficient depends on shape, size, type of casting etc., so, it is continuously varies with all dependent functions. So, establishment of IHTC value is a very difficult task and hot cake between researchers. Various methods are available for establishment of IHTC value, like inverse method. In this study we establish IHTC value via inverse methodology. Solid cylinder of ADC 12 Material and sand casting process taken as part of analysis. K-type thermocouple and Autonix temperature indicator are used for temperature measurement. ADC 12 (Al alloys) material is used in various application such as automotive transmission system, escalator steps barbeque covers, oil pumps. Pro cast is used for simulation purpose. After complete experiment and simulation we are establishing IHTC value which is 2000 w/m2-k. Cite this Article Dharmesh Barodiya, Mahajan MD, Shaheen Beg Mughal. Solidification Curve Analysis of Cylindrical Casting by FEM. Journal of Materials & Metallurgical Engineering. 2016; 6(3): 44–49p.
Recovery of Iron Values from Waste Iron Ore Slime
Iron ore slime is a waste material generated after beneficiation of iron ores. Due to limited iron ore resources and fast depleting of high grade iron ore, iron ore producers are emphasizing on recovery of iron values from iron ore slime. Different beneficiation techniques such as Hydrocyclone, Wet High Intensity Magnetic Separator (WHIMS), Dispersionflocculation, and Flotation are some options to recover the lost iron value from the waste. In the present work an attempt has been made, to beneficiate iron ore slime using Hydrocyclone, WHIMS and dispersion-flocculation. Iron ore slime (-150 μm) was obtained after scrubbing and wet screening of a low grade iron ore assayed 42.7% Fe with 12.5% Al2O3 and 13.68% SiO2. Size analysis revealed that 90% of the iron ore slime was having size less than 72 μm. The isoelectric point of the iron ore slime was found to be at pH 4.21.The optimum condition was applied for Hydrocyclone to obtain maximum recovery i.e., 89.2%. The cyclone underflow was enriched to 54.8% Fe with 45% recovery using WHIMS at current intensity of 2 Amp. Dispersion-flocculation could upgrade up to 47% Fe only. The nonmagnetic fraction of WHIMS was upgraded from 37 to ~39% Fe using dispersion-flocculation under the optimized condition. Cite this Article Jyolsna Jerin, Rajendra Kumar Rath, Anil Kumar. Recovery of Iron Values from Waste Iron Ore Slime. Journal of Materials & Metallurgical Engineering. 2016; 6(3): 25–31p.
Recovery of Iron Values from Iron Ore Slimes using Reagents
Mining wastes include waste generated during the extraction, beneficiation or processing of minerals like iron ore fines, slimes and tailings. Approximately 10–20% of the raw material is discarded as slimes in to slime ponds/tailing dams. Recovery of iron values from slimes result in economic benefit by utilization of waste as a resource and minimizes the threat to the environment. The iron ore slime is generally considered as waste due to its ultrafine nature and its processing limitations. The chemical analysis of the present iron ore slime is 34.75% Fe with 21.94% SiO2, and 14.4% Al2O3. This research work presents the route to size enlargement of slime using reagents and enrichment of iron values by various beneficiation techniques for the effective utilization of iron ore slime. Screen analysis revealed that 90% of the particles are smaller than 80.15 µm. In the present investigation, the recovery of lost iron values from iron ore slime waste was attempted using different beneficiation techniques like Enhanced gravity separation (EGS) Falcon concentrator, Gravity separation by Mineral separator and Vanner, and selective flocculation after treatment with various reagents. Mineral separator generated a concentrate assaying 46.3% Fe with 56.2% recovery using polyacrylamide flocculant at 90 sec collection time and similarly Vanner produced a concentrate assaying 54.5% Fe with a recovery of 41.6% using CMC. From selective flocculation studies, a concentrate assaying 45.3% Fe with 42.1 yield % was obtained using modified corn starch at a settling time of 5 min, as starch facilitates the selective adsorption on iron particles, which in turn leads to enhancement in selectivity and recovery. Cite this Article Rajesh Chintala, R.K. Rath, Anil Kumar. Recovery of iron values from iron ore slimes using reagents. Journal of Materials & Metallurgical Engineering. 2016; 6(3): 32–43p.
Effect of Pin Profile on Micro Structure and Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Welded AZ31B Magnesium Alloy
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:RelyOnVML /> <o:AllowPNG /> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--> Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a solid state welding technique which was developed primarily for joining soft metal alloys. The aim of the present work was to develop a defect free friction stir joint of magnesium AZ31B sheets and to investigate the microstructural and mechanical properties of the weld. Two types of tool pins namely cylindrical and truncated conical pin profiled tools have been used to analyze its effect on the weld quality. Mechanical properties of different zones were determined by Vicker hardness test and Impact energy absorption test. Microstructure of the welded specimens was analyzed and mean grain size and grain number were measured. Cite this Article Piyush Gulati, Dinesh Kumar Shukla. Effect of pin profile on micro structure and mechanical properties of Friction Stir Welded AZ31B Magnesium alloy. 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Effect of Pulse Current Micro Plasma Arc Welding Parameters on Pitting Corrosion Rate of AISI 316Ti Sheets in 3.5 N NaCl Medium
Austenitic stainless steel sheets are used for fabrication of components, which require high temperature resistance and corrosion resistance such as metal bellows used in expansion joints in aircraft, aerospace and petroleum industries. When they are exposed to sea water after welding they are subjected to corrosion as there are changes in properties of the base metal after welding. The corrosion rate depends on the chemical composition of the base metal and the nature of welding process adopted. Corrosion resistance of welded joints can be improved by controlling the process parameters of the welding process. In the present work Pulsed Current Micro Plasma Arc Welding (MPAW) is carried out on AISI 316Ti austenitic stainless steel of 0.3 mm thick. Peak current, Base current, Pulse rate and Pulse width are chosen as the input parameters and pitting corrosion rate of weldment in 3.5N NaCl solution is considered as output response. Pitting corrosion rate is computed using Linear Polarization method from Tafel plots. Response Surface Method (RSM) is adopted by using Box-Behnken Design and total 27 experiments are performed. Empirical relation between input and output response is developed using statistical software and its adequacy is checked using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at 95% confidence level. The main effect and interaction effect of input parameters on output response are also studied. Cite this Article Kondapalli Siva Prasad. Effect of Pulse Current Micro Plasma Arc Welding Parameters on Pitting Corrosion Rate of AISI 316Ti Sheets in 3.5 N NaCl Medium. Journal of Materials & Metallurgical Engineering. 2016; 6(3): 12–24p.
Effect of Cryogenic Treatment on Wear Characteristics of T42 High Speed Steel
In this study cryogenic treatment is performed on AISI T42 HSS material and its wear characteristics are studied. Test of treated and untreated samples is taken on pin on disc wear testing machine at different loads and RPMs. The wear of the sample is measured. The wear resistance of the samples is also measured by weight loss method. The results are tabulated. An experimental effort to evaluate tool wear improvement by cryogenic treatment is the outcome of this study. Cite this Article Bandewar Ashish G, Surve Milind B, Joshi Mayuresh P et al. Effect of Cryogenic Treatment on Wear Characteristics of T42 High Speed Steel. Journal of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering. 2016; 6(2): 70–79p.
Analysis of Process Parameters for Dissimilar Metal Welding Using MIG Welding: A Review
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:RelyOnVML /> <o:AllowPNG /> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--> The base on which automobile engine is placed is called trolley. Trolley is a type of structure in which various support parts like main channel, support channel, shaft-bar, hook angle, handle etc. are connected by using MIG welding process. Trolley has a capacity to place 18 kg engine weight, and is made of two metal parts i.e. mild steel and hot rolled steel (i.e. MS, HR). The paper deals with analysis of various process parameters like current, voltage, welding speed, material of electrode, on various mechanical properties like hardness, tensile strength, compressive strength is taken, and effective parameter is considered. By changing appropriate data of process parameter, comparison result is observed. Cite this Article Pratik Kikani. Analysis of Process Parameters for Dissimilar Metal Welding Using MIG Welding: A Review. 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Statistical Analysis on Weld Bead Geometry of Pulsed Current Micro-plasma Arc Welded AISI 316Ti Austenitic Stainless Steel Sheets
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mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;} --> Micro-plasma arc welding (MPAW) uses low amperage to join sheets, where the thickness is low, such that they can be used for manufacturing metal bellows, metal diaphragms etc. In the present work, pulsed current MPAW is used for joining 0.3 mm thick AISI 316Ti austenitic stainless steel sheets. Peak current, base current, pulse rate and pulse width are considered as input parameters and weld bead geometry parameters namely front width, back width, front height, back height are considered as output responses. Total 27 experiments are performed as per Box-Benhken design of response surface method. Weld bead geometry parameters are measured using metallurgical microscope. Empirical mathematical models are developed using statistical software (MINITAB). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is carried out at 95% confidence level. Main and interaction effects are studied. Scatter plots are drawn to understand the variation of actual and predicted values of weld bead parameters. Cite this Article Ch Swetha, Siva Karuna G. Statistical Analysis on Weld Bead Geometry of Pulsed Current Micro-plasma Arc Welded AISI 316Ti Austenitic Stainless Steel Sheets. Journal of Materials & Metallurgical Engineering. 2016; 6(2): 20–37p.
Impact of Spacer Engineering on SOI Junctionless FET Performance Using TCAD Simulation
In this paper, the impact of spacer engineering on 10 nm gate length planar SOI (Silicon On Insulator) junctionless transistor performance is studied using Sentaurus TCAD simulator. Spacer length and spacer permittivity of the device are taken as two controllable parameters. DC performance metrics, ION, IOFF, ION/IOFF ratio, unity gain frequency (fT) and non quasi static delay (NQS) are investigated for various spacer lengths and spacer permittivity. The simulation results suggest that with high-k spacer and with minimum spacer length better ION/IOFF ratio can be achieved. fT (unity gain frequency) decreases at higher spacer lengths and at higher permittivity values. Phase delay increase with increase in frequency. Cite this Article Sasikala P, Priscilla Scarlet, Nagarajan KK, Srinivasan R. Impact of Spacer Engineering on SOI Junctionless FET Performance Using TCAD Simulation. Journal of Materials & Metallurgical Engineering. 2016; 6(2): 42–52p.
Study on GP-Zones Formation in the Sc Inoculated Ternary Al-Zn-Mg Alloys
Mostly, ternary Al-Zn-Mg (7075) alloys are used in automotive and aerospace engineering due to readily age-hardening response and high specific strength-to-density ratio. Scandium (Sc) has great inoculation effect in Al-Zn-Mg alloys. The cast Al-Zn-Mg alloys system undergoes a complex transition sequence in order to gain maximum strength. This sequence consists of solutionizing then immediate quenching in water (T4), natural ageing and artificial ageing (T6); usually, in several temperature steps to results in a structure of finely dispersed precipitates (Al3Sc). Quenching in water from the solution temperature 465oC/1 h induces severe internal stresses in the material; and introduction of dislocations in the supersaturated solid solution (SSSS) modifies the precipitation process. They act concurrently as vacancy sinks during room temperature ageing, which preferred nucleation sites and as short-circuit diffusion paths during later precipitation steps. The microstructure and the peak hardening effects are shown to depend on the competition between GP-zones and nucleation of ή and/or nucleation of dislocations. According to the ageing, process starts with the diffusion of Zn to Mg atoms and GP-zones develop by the formation of Mg-Zn clusters. The GP-zones can act as prospective nucleation sites of more stable precipitates providing the basis of artificial ageing treatments applied to Al-Zn-Mg alloy systems. The kinetics of the activation energy have been studied on a number of three different Al-Zn-Mg alloys by Vicker’s hardness measurement between 120 and 180oC. A systematic investigation has been carried out to study the decomposition of the SSSS in the formation of GP-zones and subsequent transition phases in the wide temperature range in Sc inoculated Al-Zn-Mg alloys. The influence of various process parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the Al-Zn-Mg alloys are studied by OM, EBSD, FESEM, resistivity, XRD, DSC, TEM, and tensile properties. Cite this Article Mandal PK. Study on GP-Zones Formation in the Sc Inoculated Ternary Al-Zn-Mg Alloys. Journal of Materials & Metallurgical Engineering. 2016; 6(2): 53–69p.
Comparison of PQR and WPQ for Jacket Long Seam Joint of Pressure Vessel as per ASME Section IX
Small and medium size stocked components intended for boiler and pressure vessel are often manufactured and welded with reference to ASME section III and IX. This paper mainly focuses on rules for welding qualification, monitoring welding activities during manufacturing and the extent of supervision by independent inspection body required by the quality system. In this work comparison required for welder procedure qualification as well as welder qualification accordance with procedure qualification record is carried out. Finally, range of qualified will decide the welder qualification based on WPQ and PQR. Cite this Article Shah Sagar I, Shah Jinesh B. Comparison of PQR and WPQ for Jacket Long Seam Joint of Pressure Vessel as per ASME Section IX. Journal of Materials & Metallurgical Engineering. 2016; 6(2): 1–5p.
Investigation on Torque and Thrust Forces in Radial Drilling of Copper Alloys
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mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;} --> As a part of research over improvement of machining process; cutting forces, metal removal rate (MRR) and surface finish on mechanical elements has become quite significant in the operational and aesthetical point of view. To enhance accuracy and precision by adopting energy saving techniques, manufacturing firms are adopting automated systems in order to achieve manufacturing excellence. In the present work, the effect of various process parameters like spindle speed, feed, and drill diameter on torque, thrust force, MRR and surface finish in radial drilling process for copper alloys (copper, brass and bronze) are investigated by using Box Behnken Design. Three factors/three levels were used and total 15 experiments were performed. The coefficients were calculated by using regression analysis and the model was constructed. The adequacy of the developed model was checked using analysis of variance (ANOVA) technique. By using the mathematical model, the main and interaction effect of various process parameters on torque, thrust force, MRR and surface finish are studied. Cite this Article Aripaka Jyothi, Simhachalam D. Investigation on Torque and Thrust Forces in Radial Drilling of Copper Alloys. Journal of Materials & Metallurgical Engineering. 2016; 6(2): 6–19p.
Short Circuit MAG/MIG Welding and Fast ROOT Modified Short arc Welding Process for Sheet Metals Welding with Diverse Air Gap
The outcome of an analysis allocating with welding of sheet metals with diverse air gap using short circuit MAG welding process and Fast ROOT custom-made short arc welding methods have been presented. Welding turns were made below different conditions and through each run; the diverse process parameters were incessantly observed. It was found that fewer HAZ and maximum welding speed are reached under an exact welding condition with quick ROOT method with the emphasis on arc constancy. Welding result explains that the customized short arc exhibits a higher electrode melting coefficient with almost spatter-free droplet alteration. In adjusting the short circuit time, the infiltration can be prohibited with only a small change in electrode deposition. In the mixing modified arc welding with pulsed MIG welding the working envelope of the process is deeply extended allowing thicker material sections to be welded with enhanced weld bead aesthetics. Fast ROOT is a customized short arc welding process using automatic or mechanized welding method based on the dip transfer welding, characterized by controlled substance deposition during the short circuit of the wire electrode to the work piece. Cite this Article Ashish Shukla, Nasir Khan, Manvendra Singh Sikarwar. Short Circuit MAG/MIG Welding And Fast Root Modified Short Arc Welding Process For Sheet Metals Welding With Diverse Air Gap. Journal of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering. 2016; 6(1): 47–59p.