Journal of Modern Chemistry & Chemical Technology
Journal of Modern Chemistry & Chemical Technology (JoMCCT) is a Journal focused towards the rapid publication of fundamental research papers on all areas of Chemistry, Modern Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Chemical Technology Focus and Scope Covers: Electrochemistry Biochemistry Biochemical Engineering Biophysical Chemistry Natural products, Biological and Medicinal Chemistry Physical Chemistry Inorganic and Co-ordination Chemistry Structural analysis, Thermodynamics and Thermo - science Design and drafting Organometallic chemistry and surface chemistry Finite Element Analysis Chromatographic Studies Oxidation-reduction Reactions Organometallic Chemistry Macrocyclic systems, Metalloporphyrins
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A Study of Hyperfine Interactions of Peroxy Radicals in Irradiated PE Copolymer at Low Temperatures
Hyperfine interactions occurring around the magnetic environment of peroxy radical are investigated by electron spin resonance (ESR) technique. For this purpose, ESR spectra are recorded in the temperature range of 77 to 300 K. ESR spectra at 77 K possess some hyperfine structure together with peroxy doublet; while at high temperatures only peroxy doublet is observed. Hyperfine parameters like g-values, peak to peak separation, spread are calculated and their temperature dependence has been investigated. Hyperfine interaction of peroxy radical depends on molecular substrate as well as temperature, Due to variation in temperature, chain conformations change causing changes in hyperfine interactions Bloch analysis is applied to calculate activation energy associated with the free radical decay. Cite this Article Raju A, Sanjeeva Rao B, Madhukar K. A Study of Hyperfine Interactions of Peroxy Radicals in Irradiated PE Copolymer at Low Temperatures. Journal of Modern Chemistry & Chemical Technology. 2017; 8(2): 13–19p.
Theoretical Calculation of Franck-Condon Factor and Dissociation Energy of Lithium Hydride Li7H1 and Li7H2 Molecule
A theoretical spectroscopic study of isotopes of Lithium Hydreid Li7H1 and Li7H2 molecule for the electronic transition B1Π−X1Σ+ systems has been carried out such as, a calculation of Franck-Condon factor has been carried out by using numerical integration for the vibrational band v'=0–4 to v"=0–4 of the electronic transition B1Π−X 1Σ+ and it was found that the values of Franck-Condon factor for Li7H1 are higher than that of Li7H2 molecule. Besides, the dissociation energies for both ground and excited states have been calculated. It was found that the values of dissociation energies of the electronic excited state X had larger values than that of ground electronic state B. Cite this Article Dhia Hamdi Al-Amiedy. Theoretical Calculation of Franck-Condon Factor and Dissociation Energy of Lithium Hydride Li7H1 and Li7H2 Molecule. Journal of Modern Chemistry & Chemical Technology. 2017; 8(2): 10–12p.
Experimental Demonstration on Fabrication Techniques and Recording of Leakage-free Surface-Driven Capillary Flow in the Dual Sudden Expansion Microchannels
Dual sudden expansion polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) microchannels have been fabricated by the maskless lithography, hot embossing lithography, direct bonding technique, and atmospheric pressure air dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma processing. The surface-driven capillary flow of dyed water is faster on the processed PMMA surface than the pristine PMMA surface. The surface-driven capillary flow of dyed water is slower in the wider portion of any dual sudden expansion microchannel. This experimental demonstration is highly useful to fabricate the microfluidic lab-on-a-chip systems. Cite this Article Subhadeep Mukhopadhyay. Experimental Demonstration on Fabrication Techniques and Recording of Leakage-free Surface-Driven Capillary Flow in the Dual Sudden Expansion Microchannels. Journal of Modern Chemistry & Chemical Technology. 2017; 8(2): 5–9p.
Utilization of Waste Polyethylene Terephthalate with Bitumen for Road Construction
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is commonly used for soft drink water bottles and other applications. However, disposal of this waste PET in large quantities causes environmental problem, as it is considered non-biodegradable material. This study investigated utilization of waste PET mixed with 60/70 penetration grade of bitumen to be as a raw material for road construction. The effect of temperature (140, 150, 160°C), composition of PET (4, 8, 12%) and mixing time (20, 40, 60 min) for penetration test result were investigated. The experimental design was done using Design Expert 7.0.0 software. The experimental design selected for this study was general factorial design with full factorial type. The optimization of penetration results was carried out using three factors, three replicates and three levels. From the analysis of the experimental results, the minimum amount of penetration result was found to be 43.67(0.1 mm) under selected optimal condition of temperature (150°C), composition (8%) and mixing time (40 min). Temperature, composition and mixing time had a significant effect on penetration test results. The influences of optimum operating conditions of PET and bitumen mix performance were investigated. The PET and bitumen mix performance test includes ductility, softening point, flash and fire point and the results were found to be 42.67 cm, 58.34, 351 and 358 °C respectively. The PET coated aggregate with bitumen mix performances were also investigated. The PET coated aggregate with bitumen mix performance of indirect tensile and compressive strength ratio results were found to be 97.85 and 95.06% respectively. The study indicated that utilization of waste PET with bitumen for road construction is considered, not only as a positive option in terms of sustainability, as an attractive option in enhancing the performance and service life of road. Cite this Article Belete Tessema Asfaw. Utilization of Waste Polyethylene Terephthalate with Bitumen for Road Construction. Journal of Modern Chemistry & Chemical Technology. 2017; 8(2): 30–39p.
Acid and Alkali Resistance of Polylactic Acid Incorporated Polyfurfuryl Alcohol Bioplastics
PLA (0.5 to 3%) was successfully dissolved in furfuryl alcohol (FA). Acid number of neat polylactic acid (PLA) and PLA incorporated in FA were determined. Neat PLA and PLA incorporated polyfurfuryl alcohol based bioplastics were successfully fabricated with p-toulene sulfonic acid as an acid catalyst by casting method in silicon mould. The fabricated bioplastics are black in colour. The as-fabricated bioplastics were tested for resistance against acid and alkali. Additionally, water uptake studies of bioplastics were also carried out. Cite this Article Mohd. Sharib, Rakesh Kumar. Acid and Alkali Resistance of Polylactic Acid Incorporated Polyfurfuryl Alcohol Bioplastics. Journal of Modern Chemistry & Chemical Technology. 2017; 8(2): 1–4p.
LS-Coupled Atomic Term Symbols for nf7 Configuration
In this manuscript, we described a simple method to obtain Russell Saunders atomic terms for nf7 configuration by microstate building and finally the splitting of LS terms, levels and states by different types of interaction represented pictorially. 3432 microstates in nf7 configuration resolve into 119 terms due to electronic interaction that are one (1) octet {8S}, six (6) sextets {6I, 6H, 6G, 6F, 6D, 6P}, forty (40) quartets {4N, 4M, 4L(3-Terms), 4K(3-Terms), 4I(5-Terms), 4H(5-Terms), 4G(7-Terms), 4F(5-Terms), 4D(6-Terms), 4P(2-Terms), 4S(2-Terms),} and seventy two (72) doublets {2Q, 2O, 2N(2-Terms), 2M(4-Terms), 2L(5-Terms), 2K(7-Terms), 2I(9-Terms), 2H(9-Terms), 2G(10-Terms), 2F(10-Terms), 2D(7-Terms), 2P(5-Terms), 2S(2-Terms)}. Ground state term derived for nf7 configuration is Octet S (8S) and ground state is 8S7/2. Cite this Article. Meena PL, Meena AS, Meena KS. LS-Coupled Atomic Term Symbols for nf7 Configuration. Journal of Modern Chemistry & Chemical Technology. 2017; 8(2): 20–29p.
Study the Effect of Crystallization in Blown Film Matrix of High Density Polyethylene
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:RelyOnVML /> <o:AllowPNG /> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--> Crystallization in structure of high density polyethylene (HDPE) was investigated by scanning electron spectroscopy (SEM) that appeared as gel formation (unmelted spot of polymer) in film matrix for both compared films of HDPE i.e., it directly affect the mechanical properties (tear strength, elongation, and tensile strength at break). At the same time, we determined the degree of crystallinity measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD) which showed that the crystallinity exceeded more than 45% in HDPE. The XRD is associated with partial alignment of their molecular side chains. Cite this Article Maga RA, Hesnawi RM, Darwish MO et al. Study the Effect of Crystallization in Blown Film Matrix of High Density Polyethylene. 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Study on Photocatalytic Cement Concrete for the Degradation of Textile Dyes
This process is developed in the way that low level usage of chemical such as Titanium-di-oxide and urea along with the cement concrete structure for the photocatalytic activity under sunlight. When the cement concrete structure is introduced the sustainability of the process is increased so the efficient use of the reactant is achieved. From this study we obtained that the photocatalytic way of separation of waste ions can increase the purification process. The feed water is the waste from the common effluent plant with high in BOD and COD content. Two crystalline forms of TiO2, viz. anatase and rutile were tested for their photocatalytic activity. The extent of photocatalytic degradation was found to increase with increasing TiO2 concentration up to 2 g/L TiO2, 5 g/L urea above which degradation remained practically constant. Textile waste degradation was enhanced at acidic conditions and in the addition of hydrogen peroxide. For the assessment of catalyst activity on repeated use, experiments were performed; after thrice successive uses, TiO2 had sufficiently retained its photocatalytic activity and to perform the kinetic studies. Cite this Article Selvi PP, Marimuthu B, Naveen V et al. Study on photocatalytic cement concrete for the degradation of textile dyes. Journal of Modern Chemistry & Chemical Technology. 2017; 8(1): 32–35p.
Physico-chemical Analysis of Water Sample from Bwaji Stream
The important of water safety for drinking and other human activities cannot be over emphasise. However, the safety of drinking water is affected by various contaminants as a result of anthropogenic activities. Such contaminants cause serious health problems. Bwaji Stream being the source of water to the community, the physico-Chemical parameters of the water were evaluated to ascertain the purity of the source and avoid likely health problems as a result of using the water. The finding reveals that the source of water before Ara town conforms to specifications set by World Health Organisation (WHO) and Standard Organisation of Nigeria (SON) while the conductivity of the stream at Ara town and beyond has slightly exceeded the threshold limit set by WHO and SON. Cite this Article Halilu S, Bala U, Atolaiye BO, et al. Physico-Chemical Analysis of Water Sample from Bwaji Stream. Journal of Modern Chemistry & Chemical Technology. 2017; 8(1): 21–25p.
Optical Absorption and Electronic Properties of 4-Aminoantipyrine Schiff’s Bases: A Combined Experimental and DFT Study
The Schiff base compounds (A1–A9) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, UV-Vis, mass spectrometry, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. Electronic absorption spectra of A1–A9 are studied in various solvents with different polarity like hexane, chloroform, methanol and dimethyl sulfoxide. To support and better understanding of experimental results, density functional theory (DFT), time dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations has been carried out for these molecules and are in good agreement with the experimental values. Cite this Article Anupama B, Aruna A, Anuj Tripathi, et al. Optical Absorption and Electronic Properties of 4-Amino Antipyrine Schiff’s Bases: A Combined Experimental and DFT Study. Journal of Modern Chemistry & Chemical Technology. 2017; 8(1): 1–13p.
Design and Analysis of Pressure Vessel Pan (shell) of Conventional Jacket Type
Pressure vessels are leak proof containers, as the name implies, their main purpose is to contain a given medium under pressure and temperature. Pressure vessels are commonly used in industry to carry both liquid and gases under required pressure and temperature limit. This pressure and temperature comes from an external source or by the application of heat from a direct or indirect source or any combination of them. This project deals with design and analysis of conventional type pressure vessel for industry. This project investigates, failure of conventional jacket type vessel on basis of thermal analysis, the work is carried out by the designing of pressure vessel as per the DIN standard, for given design conditions for various parameters. In that analysis and designing is carried out by ANSYS and CREO software Cite this Article Harshal Patel, Mitul Rana, Divyanshu Rohit et al. Design and analysis of pressure vessel pan (shell) of conventional jacket type. Journal of Modern Chemistry & Chemical Technology. 2017; 8(1): 26–31p.
Synthesis, Characterization and Applications of Poly (2-Methyl Aniline-co-2-Chloro Aniline) and Poly (2-Methyl Aniline-co-2-Chloro Aniline)-Nanocomposite-CuO
The copolymer and its composite, poly (2-methyl aniline-co-2-chloro aniline) and poly (2-methyl aniline-co-2-chloro aniline)-nanocomposite-CuO respectively were synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization method using ammonium persulphate as oxidant, sodium lauryl sulphate as surfactant and HCl as dopant. The synthesized copolymer and composite were characterized by FTIR, UV-Visible and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The thermal stability was determined by TGA/DTA. The copolymer and copolymer nanocomposite with CuO were found to be thermally more stable and the XRD pattern confirmed the partially crystalline nature. The particle size as calculated by Debye-Scherrer equation confirmed that nanocomposite was formed. The electrical conductivity studies show that the materials synthesized were of semi conducting nature. The antibacterial activities were also tested using ciprofloxacin as the standard. With the copolymer, Escherichia coli showed a maximum zone of inhibition of 12 mm followed by Enterococcus faecalis whose zone of inhibition is 10 mm. The other strains showed less antibacterial activity. The presence of chlorine contributed to significant antibacterial activity. Cite this Article Jose Kethrin L, Jhancy Mary S. Synthesis, Characterization and Applications of Poly (2-Methyl Aniline-co-2-Chloro Aniline) and Poly (2-Methyl Aniline-co-2-Chloro Aniline)-Nanocomposite-CuO. Journal of Modern Chemistry & Chemical Technology. 2016; 7(3): 35–45p.
Physicochemical Qualitative Analysis of River Water, Underground Water and Pond Water of Rewa City, Madhya Pradesh, India
In this research, study of physical-chemical qualitative analysis of river water, underground water and pond water of Rewa city, Madhya Pradesh, India in the year of 2016 has been done. All the water samples are within prescribed limits as suggested by the World Health Organization, Indian Standard Institute and BIS desirable limit. Yearly variation in physical and chemical parameters like temperature, turbidity, color, odor, pH value, total hardness, calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), total alkalinity (like hydroxide, carbonate, bicarbonate) chloride (Cl-), total dissolved solid (TDS), sulfate (SO42-) etc. All analyzed parameter data were found in desirable or not desirable limits. Cite this Article Manoj Kumar Solanki, Gupta OP. Physicochemical Qualitative Analysis of River Water, Underground Water and Pond Water of Rewa City, Madhya Pradesh, India. Journal of Modern Chemistry & Chemical Technology. 2016; 7(3): 17–34p.
Evolution of Empirical Equations for Prediction of Melting Point and Latent Heat of Alkanes
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:RelyOnVML /> <o:AllowPNG /> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--> Alkanes and paraffins are well recognized phase change materials (PCMs) for low and medium range temperature thermal energy storage applications. Melting point and latent heat are two crucial parameters for any PCM for its use in any thermal storage application. The values of these parameters are normally measured by expensive and time consuming measuring devices. In this paper, three empirical equations are presented to predict the melting point and latent heat of alkanes using carbon number as the only input variable. The theoretical results were found comparable with the experimental results within the error limit of ±3.5% for melting point of alkanes with carbon number between 17 and 60. Latent heat values predicted were also in good agreement with the experimental values. Cite this Article Singh SP, Bhat V. Evolution of Empirical Equations for Prediction of Melting Point and Latent Heat of Alkanes. 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Sodium Benzoate and Urea as Promoters in Sillimanite Flotation
Sillimanite is an alumino-silicate mineral with the chemical formula Al2SiO5. Sillimanite in general is concentrated by gravity separation methods followed by froth flotation. Hydrophobicity is induced to sillimanite surface by adsorbing surfactant (oleic acid/oleate) molecules selectively and the mineral is collected into froth as concentrate. Other reagents used are; sodium silicate to depress garnet and silica and sodium hydroxide to adjust the pulp pH. In the present study, hydrotropes (sodium benzoate and urea) were introduced to improve the solubility of oleic acid in aqueous phase that is flotation pulp. It is noted that hydrotropes improve the recovery of sillimanite with marketable grades of concentrate Cite this Article Mihir DM, Rama Rao VV, Padmasree R. Sodium Benzoate and Urea as Promoters in Sillimanite Flotation. Journal of Modern Chemistry & Chemical Technology. 2016; 7(3):
Structural Investigations of NiFe2O4 Synthesised by the Pyrolysis of Single Source Precursor
NiFe2O4 nanoparticles have been synthesized using the single source precursor [NiFe2(cin)3(N2H4)3] via pyrolysis thermal decomposition route. The single source precursor prepared by a simple precipitation method, was characterised by hydrazine and metal analyses, infrared spectral analysis and thermo-gravimetric analysis. Using appropriate annealing conditions, NiFe2O4 nanoparticles were synthesised by the thermal treatment of the precursor. From XRD and HRTEM studies, the particle size of the sample was found to be around 11 nm. SEM results showed that the sample possesses agglomerated and randomly distributed nanorods. Cite this Article Kalpanadevi K, Manimekalai R. Structural Investigations of NiFe2O4 Synthesised by the Pyrolysis of Single Source Precursor. Journal of Modern Chemistry & Chemical Technology. 2016; 7(3): 12–16p.
Effect of Beneficiation on the Characteristics of Gambe and Pindiga Bentonitic Clays
Comparative study of the effect of beneficiation on the chemical, physical and mineralogical properties of Pindiga and Gambe bentonitic clays was carried out. The raw clays were mined and beneficiated using the wet beneficiation method. The raw and beneficiated clay samples were characterized using XRD and XRF techniques, the specific density and pH values of the clays were also determined. The characterization results showed that the clays developed higher purity after beneficiation, as reflected by the decrease in organic impurities in the form of carbon and graphite and reduction in quartz and soluble salts. The raw Pindiga clay sample had high iron oxide content up to 26.54 wt% which reduced to 24.15 wt% after beneficiation, while the raw Gambe clay contained 11.87 wt% iron oxide which reduced to 4.96 wt% after beneficiation. Also, the raw Gambe clay sample had high calcium oxide content up to 20.0 wt% which reduced to 18.5 wt% after beneficiation, while the raw Pindiga clay contained 2.46 wt% calcium oxide which reduced to 2.0 wt% after beneficiation. Both clays showed calcium montmorillonite peaks in the XRD patterns. The specific density and pH values for the raw and beneficiated Pindiga clay were 2.58, 7.90 and 2.45, 6.50 respectively. While those for the raw and beneficiated Gambe clay were 2.47, 7.30, and 2.36, 7.00 respectively Cite this Article Nurudeen Salahudeen, Ahmed Abdulkarim S. Effect of Beneficiation on the Characteristics of Gambe and Pindiga Bentonitic Clays. Journal of Modern Chemistry & Chemical Technology. 2016; 7(2): 20–26p.
Synthesis and Spectroscopic Studies of 12-Membered Macrocyclic Transition Metal Complexes with Tetradentate Ligand
Tetra-aza macrocyclic transition metals complexes of type: [M(C12H4N8)X2]; where, M = Co (II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II); X= Cl-1 , NO3 - , CH3COOhave been synthesized and characterized. On the basis of conductance data; elemental analyses, the character of the complexes have been suggest and it was found that all the complexes have 1:2:2 stoichiometry and are nonelectrolytic in nature. Tentative geometry of the new synthesized macrocyclic complexes had been proposed with the aid of variety of physicochemical studies like NMR, Infra-Red, ESR and Electronic spectra. Molecular modeling was also carried out for better understanding the structure of complexes. Based on various studies and molecular modeling, a distorted octahedral geometry has been proposed for metal complexes. All the synthesized metal complexes were screened for antimicrobial activities and show the comparable results with standard drugs. Cite this Article Singh DP, Kavita Sharma, Vikas Kumar. Synthesis and Spectroscopic Studies of 12-Membered Macrocyclic Transition Metal Complexes with Tetradentate Ligand, Journal of Modern Chemistry & Chemical Technology. 2016; 7(2): 9–19p
Synthesis and Characterization of Schiff Bases Derivatives of Heterotrimetallic [Al(III); Sn(II); Ti(IV)]-µ-oxoisopropoxide-µ-oxon-propoxide [SnO2TiAl(OPri )2(OPrn )3]
Tin diacetate and aluminium isopropoxide in equimolar proportion in xylene affords the complex [(OAc)SnOAl(OPri )2] which on reaction with Ti(OPrn )4 in 1:1 molar ratio yielded a new organoheterotrimetallic-μ-oxoisopropoxide-μ-oxon-propoxide [SnO2TiAl(OPri )2(OPrn )3] with continuous liberation of isopropyl acetate and propyl acetate formed during the course of reaction. The preparation of Schiff base complexes of the compound [SnO2TiAl(OPri )2(OPrn )3] was carried out in refluxing benzene by the reaction of µ- oxomixedpropoxide compound in different molar ratios (1:1 and 1:2) with Schiff bases (1-(2- Pyridyl) ethanonehydrazine carboxamide (HSB1 ) and 1-Furanyl) ethanonehydrazin carboxamide (HSB2 ). The complexes were characterized by spectral analysis (IR, 1H, 13C, 119Sn, 27Al NMR and mass spectra). The spectral studies confirmed that the proposed framework of the new organoheterotrimetallic complexes and indicated a tetrahedral geometry around the central metal atom. Cite this Article Amardeep, Pankaj Bhatia, Brij Mohan et al. Synthesis and Characterization of Schiff Bases Derivatives of Heterotrimetallic [Al(III); Sn(II); Ti(IV)]-µ-oxo-isopropoxide-µ-oxonpropoxide [SnO2TiAl(OPri )2(OPrn )3]. Journal of Modern Chemistry & Chemical Technology. 2016; 7(2): 27–37p.
Homologues of fatty acids derived from vegetable oils/fats are used as collectors as such or as their soaps in the flotation of silicate/oxide/salt type minerals. Straight chain saturated fatty acid anions are envisaged to form compact adsorbed patches on the mineral surface which are more effective in imparting surface hydrophobicity to the minerals than the loose/fluffy patches formed by unsaturated fatty acid anions that are bent at the double bonds. Addition of detergents or certain hydrotropes along with fatty acid/soap collectors reduces the consumption of fatty acids/soaps and thereby improves selectivity of mineral separation. Cite this Article Mihir DM, Padmasree R. Soap Flotation: A Brief Review. Journal of Modern Chemistry & Chemical Technology. 2016; 7(2): 5–8p.
Study of the Hammett equation for oxidation of 2 – Hydroxy – 1 - Naphthalidene Anil and para substituted chloroanils by potassium bromate in acid medium
The kinetics of oxidation of the Schiff base and its substituted anils by potassium bromate in aquo-acetic acid medium has been studied in this work. The study of thermodynamic parameters is done, and the rate constants for the reaction are determined. The plot of log{ks/k0} against the substituent constant (ï³ ) is plotted for para and meta substitution and the reaction constant (ï²) is calculated. The plot of ï„H against ï„S is used for the determination of correlation coefficient (r). Cite this Article Pol Umesh N, Sharad Sankhe, Ramesh Yamgar. Study of the Hammett Equation for Oxidation of 2-Hydroxy-1-Naphthalidene Anil and Para Substituted Chloroanils by Potassium Bromate in Acid Medium. Journal of Modern Chemistry & Chemical Technology. 2016; 7(2): 1–4p.
Studies on Naturally Extracted Surfactant to Enhance Flow Properties of Crude Oil
Indian heavy crude oil sample from Gujarat was studied for improvement of properties such as pour point, wax crystal structure, particle size analysis and viscosity by addition of a novel surfactant extracted from a tropical Indian plant Sapindus mukorossi. Characterization was done to find the effect of surfactant addition on individual components of the crude oil such as saturates, asphaltenes, resins and aromatics. The objective was to increase the flowability of the oil and determine which components of the surfactant interact with the crude oil to improve its flow behavior. Heavy crude oil sample was mixed with 4% w/w of Sapindus followed by stirring the samples for one hour and proceeding for tests. The results showed that pour point decreased by a significant amount after adding Sapindus to it and that decrease in pour point was due to reduction in the amount of saturates, aromatics, resins and asphaltenes present in the crude oil. There was a profound reduction in size of wax crystals when investigated under microscopic and particle size analysis. Surfactant addition had a tremendous effect on viscosity. The viscosity of crude oil at 30°C after addition of surfactant, was even less than that of heavy crude without surfactant at 50°C. Cite this Article Shirsendu Banerjee, Manoj Kumar, Irshad Ansari, Ajay Mandal, Tarun Kumar Naiya. Studies on Naturally Extracted Surfactant to Enhance Flow Properties of Crude Oil. Journal of Modern Chemistry & Chemical Technology. 2016; 7(1): 42–49p.
Electrooxidation Study of Acetic Acid at Low Temperature in Membrane Less Microfluidic Fuel Cell for Portable Power Application
The global energy crisis due to dependence on fossil fuel and its limited reserves followed by environmental pollution are the key concerns to the research communities. However, recently developed micro-fluidic fuel cells using hydrogen-rich fuels are most likely to replace the batteries, due to their compactness, high efficiency and simplicity in operation. In this context, the PtxSn/C (where, x=1, 3, 5) electrode-catalysts were prepared and the electro-oxidation of acetic acid was investigated on most active Pt3Sn/C anode. The prepared electrode-catalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The Y-shaped micro-fluidic fuel cell was fabricated with help of CNC machine on perspex sheet. The anode and cathode were prepared using Pt3Sn/C and Pt/C (Alfa Aesar, USA) respectively, with electrode-catalyst loading of 1 mg/cm2 in both the electrodes. Acetic acid solutions of 1, 1.5 and 2 M concentrations were used as fuel at anode. 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 M H2SO4 solutions were used as electrolytes. The oxidants at the cathode were 1, 2 and 3 M solutions of H2O2. The open circuit voltage (OCV) was measured at different flow rates of anode (acetic acid+H2SO4) and cathode (H2O2+H2SO4) mixtures. The maximum OCV of 0.13 V was obtained for 2 M acetic acid mixed with 0.2 M H2SO4. The maximum power density of 0.036 mW/cm2 at current density of 0.47 mA/cm2 was obtained for 1.5 M acetic acid at the anode and 2 M H2O2 as oxidant in 0.2 M H2SO4 at the cathode. The optimum flow rates of anode and cathode side were found to be 1.125 ml/min for OCV of 0.118 V. Cite this Article Solanke Pawankumar, Shashank Pardhikar, Hiralal Pramanik. Electro-oxidation Study of Acetic Acid at Low Temperature in Membrane Less Micro-fluidic Fuel Cell for Portable Power Application. Journal of Modern Chemistry & Chemical Technology. 2016; 7(1): 58–66p.
Short Communication Defluidization Using High-Alkali Content Fuels in Fluidized Bed Biomass Gasifiers
A major problem however often encountered in fluidized beds is bed agglomeration, which may result in total defluidization, leading to unscheduled downtime and additional costs. This problem is found to be critical in fluidized bed combustion and gasification of biomass fuels which have high ash and alkali contents [1]. Biomass fuels, especially herbaceous plants, often contain significant amounts of silicon, potassium and calcium, together with chlorine and sulphur. These elements tend to form viscous melts which adhere on the surface of the colliding bed particles.When the sticky bed particles collide, the viscous material at the point of contact migrates forming a neck, thus binding the particles to form agglomerates. This phenomenon is called viscous flow sintering. Cite this Article Vikas Narayan, Peter Arendt Jensen, Ulrik Birk Henriksen, Peter Glarborg, Weigang Lin, Rasmus Glar Nielsen. Short Communication: Defluidization Using High-Alkali Content Fuels in Fluidized Bed Biomass Gasifiers. Journal of Modern Chemistry & Chemical Technology. 2016; 7(1): 95–98p.
Studies on Production of Biogas by Co-digestion of Sewage Sludge, Wastepaper and Waste Grown Algae
Abundantly produced sewage sludge in wastewater treatment plants and algae grown in wastewater are the potentially important biomass for the production of biogas. Experimental investigations have been conducted to study the feasibility of co-digestion of the organic fraction of municipal sludge, waste paper, and waste grown algae under anaerobic mesophilic (37oC) conditions in lab-scale bioreactors. Quantity and quality of the biogas, volatile solid reduction and start-up period for the reactions were taken into consideration. Single substrate digestion and co-digestion of the three substrates with different organic loading rates were analyzed in the study. Results show that in the co-digestion by the addition of waste grown algae and paper to the sewage sludge, the biogas volume is increased to 60% and considerable volatile solid reduction is observed as 50% for an organic loading rate of 5.0 gmvs/l. Moreover, co-digestion improved the performance of the bioreactor by stimulating the anaerobic digestion yield and balancing the carbon to nitrogen ratio in the reactor. Cite this Article Amritha Ajeej, Joseph V. Thanikal, C.M. Narayanan. Studies on Production of Biogas by Co-digestion of Sewage Sludge, Wastepaper and Waste Grown Algae. Journal of Modern Chemistry & Chemical Technology. 2016; 7(1): 74–81p.