Journal of Instrumentation Technology & Innovations
Journal of Instrumentation Technology & Innovation (JoITI) is print and e- Journal focused towards the publication of current research work carried out under Intrumentation Technology & Innovation.This journal on Instrumentation Technology, which is by now a truly inter-disciplinary branch of science and engineering covers, MEMS technology and Blue tooth technology etc. Focus & Scope • Biomedical Instrumentation • Data Acquisition and Processing • Microprocessors and Microcontroller System Design • Fundamentals of Instrumentation/Control Components • Experimentation, Industrial Electronics & Applications • Measurement Techniques • Mechatronics, including Smart Sensors and MEMS • Signal Processing Techniques for Measurement • Sensor-actuator Systems • Signal Conditioning, Data Acquisition Systems, Telemetry • Automatic & Process Control Systems Design • Development of Intelligent Sensors, Smart Transducers • Virtual Instrumentation The journal in particular promotes new developments/ innovative ideas.
Declaration and Copyright Transfer Form (to be completed by authors) I/ We, the undersigned author(s) of the submitted manuscript, hereby declare, that the above manuscript which is submitted for publication in the STM Journals(s), is not published already in part or whole (except in the form of abstract) in any journal or magazine for private or public circulation, and, is not under consideration of publication elsewhere. · I/We will not withdraw the manuscript after 1 week of submission as I have read the Author Guidelines and will adhere to the guidelines. · I/We Author(s ) have niether given nor will give this manuscript elsewhere for publishing after submitting in STM Journal(s). · I/ We have read the original version of the manuscript and am/ are responsible for the thought contents embodied in it. The work dealt in the manuscript is my/ our own, and my/ our individual contribution to this work is significant enough to qualify for authorship. · I/We also agree to the authorship of the article in the following order: Author’s name 1. ________________ 2. ________________ 3. ________________ 4. _______________ We Author(s) tick this box and would request you to consider it as our signature as we agree to the terms of this Copyright Notice, which will apply to this submission if and when it is published by this journal.
Abstract In this research we made an attempt to design a hovercraft vehicle. This vehicle is different from other conventional and terrestrial of this kind that uses the single directional control as rudder. Major consideration is that the hovercraft should weigh less than the conventional crafts. This design uses a double duct motor for both the lift and thrust moments. The air is continuously forced under the vehicle by a fan, generating the cushion that greatly reduces friction between the moving vehicle and surface. The air is passed through ducts and injected at the periphery of the vehicle in downward and inward direction. The air from the duct is made to flow to the periphery using an L-BEND this produces a downward force. This type of vehicle can equally ride over ice, water, marsh or relatively level land. Keywords: Hull, skirt, cushion, thrust, hovercraft Cite this Article Subash Raidu Y, Ajay YG, Sai Kiran Reddy B. Design of Air Cushion Vehicle. Journal of Instrumentation Technology and Innovations. 2017; 7(2): 26–33p.
Hybrid System (Wind and Solar) for Rural Lighting Applications
Abstract Standalone wind with solar photovoltaic is known as the best hybrid combination of all renewable energy systems and suitable for most of the applications taking care of seasonal changes. They also complement each other during lean periods, example additional energy production by wind during monsoon months compensates less output generated by solar. Similarly, post winter months when wind is dull, SPV takes over. The hybrid system provides more continuous all year-round renewable energy production. These systems are modular and can be expanded easily. A hybrid renewable energy system utilizes two or more energy production methods, usually solar and wind power. Hybrid wind and solar systems provide more consistent year-round performance and reduce the need for back-up generation. The major advantage of solar/wind hybrid system is that when solar and wind power production is used together, the reliability of the system is enhanced. Additionally, the size of battery storage can be reduced as there is less reliance on one method of power production. Often, when there is no sun, there is plenty of wind. The packaged systems are ideally suited to remote homes, schools, clinics and other off-grid applications. They can also be retrofitted to existing diesel-generator systems to save on high fuel costs, minimize noise and provide up to 24 h power. The standard hybrid systems are available to meet power needs. We can also tailor a system to suit should you have a smaller or larger power requirement. Keywords: SPV, GRID, solar, wind, off-grid, generator Cite this Article Konde Pramod Kumar, Soumya Rani, Naganagouda H. Hybrid System (Wind and Solar) for Rural Lighting Applications. Journal of Instrumentation Technology & Innovations. 2017; 7(2):
Development of Online Hot Oven Repair Methodology in JSW Non-Recovery
Abstract JSW Steel Limited (JSWSL), Salem Works, is the largest special alloy steel plant in India; the only integrated steel plant in Tamil Nadu, and operates two blast furnaces with a combined production capacity of 1.0 million tons per annum of hot metal to cater the fuel requirement of blast furnaces, has a captive coke oven plant of waste heat recovery type batteries comprising of 120 ovens with capacity of 0.5 million tons per annum of metallurgical coke and generates 34 MW power. The waste recovery Chinese type coke oven batteries with silica brick refractories were commissioned in 2007 and have an operational life of 15–18 years approximately. The healthiness of ovens depends on maintaining temperature and refractory. This case study describes about diagnosis methodology to repair problematic oven with in-house made insulated cage for online repair of damaged silica brick oven in short span without compromising inside wall temperature and workman’s safety. Keywords: Coke making, metallurgical coke, silica bricks, insulated cage Cite this Article Reji Mathai, Theepan TK. Development of Online Hot Oven Repair Methodology in JSW Non-Recovery. Journal of Instrumentation Technology & Innovations. 2017; 7(2):
Digital Proximity Sensing Technology and Innovation
Abstract This document first provides fundamental digital proximity sensing principle and its benefits to asset protection. Then the background of Internet of Things (IoT) is briefly examined. Further the authors review the IoT technology and prospective sensors for IoT. At the end, two IoT paradigms are proposed, one for traditional digital proximity sensing devices and the other for next generation sensors. Keywords: Digital proximity sensing, internet of things, technology innovation Cite this Article Fang F, Yang G, Liu Z. Digital Proximity Sensing Technology and Innovation. Journal of Instrumentation Technology and Innovations. 2017; 7(2): 16–20p.
Pre-Deployment Tests of Signal Conditioning Boards for Wireless Sensor Network Deployment
Abstract Diversity in signal measurement and transmission increases signal availability. Various well known stabilized technologies are available to use to achieve diversity in signal measurement. But to achieve transmission diversity, the wireless technology is a truly diverse mechanism of wired transmission. Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is the practical implementation of such technology. To implement WSN for nuclear reactor signals, it requires stringent testing, qualification, verification and validation of WSN nodes and it’s Signal Conditioning Boards (SCBs). Calibration of sensor and its signal conditioning board is the basic requirement for any plant sensor or instrument. The other most important concern is that the measuring system should not load the sensor or any other existing measuring device. This loading effect may lead to unsafe conditions. With this aim to use WSN in nuclear reactors, this paper discusses about the calibration and loading effect of the SCBs designed for interfacing WSN nodes to sensors. Finally, to observe the network performance and signal behavior, a wireless sensor node has been deployed in fast breeder test reactor which transmits accurate measurements without affecting the normal functionality of wired measurements Keywords: Calibration, loading, signal conditioning boards, wireless sensor network, deployment of WSN Cite this Article D. Baghyalakshmi, Vinita Daiya, Jemimah Ebenezer et al. Pre-Deployment Tests of Signal Conditioning Boards for Wireless Sensor Network Deployment. Journal of Instrumentation Technology and Innovation. 2017; 7(2): <!--[if gte mso 10]> <mce:style><! /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";} > <! [endif] -->
Efficient Solar Panel Design and Fabrication for Solar Vehicle
Since few decades, research in solar power generation techniques is taking pace as there is a need for environment friendly energy. The demand of green energy has made recent scientist and engineers to join hands together for finding solution to meet the scarce of fuel energy. The public demand for solar panel is rising high because of increased electricity rates of units. This paper presents the efficient fabricated and optimized assembly of the solar cells to generate energy for driving a single seater vehicle. The details of the panel, cell array in series or in parallel and extended or fastenable welded structures are also presented which easily bears the shocks, sudden pull and push of the vehicle. The solar panel is sandwiched between a plastic sheet and wooden board, and needs special care as the entire structure experiences a type of pull and push, when the vehicle accelerates or stops. The economical and easier operation demands high technology for efficient generation of solar energy. The panel is efficient to drive a vehicle to a speed of 35 km/h, which is very close to ideal speed, by using solar energy and hence protecting our environment from pollution. Keywords: Solar panel, design, fabrication, renewable energy
Insulation Test (Leakage Current Test) on 1kWp PV Array at Real Time Condition
The study is based on the insulation test of 1 kWp solar photovoltaic array on real time condition. The insulation resistance is the dielectric property of the module and is defined as amount of insulation material provided in between solar cells and metallic frame. While installing the solar photovoltaic module, we must consider about the safety criteria, since safety is the first key element for all types of systems. Since, module arrays work on a high voltage in power plants, hence, their behavior is sometimes abnormal. Theoretically from the observation, it was found that the leakage current increased as the humidity increased in the environment. When module is covered by a sheet, there is a decrease in the insulation resistance i.e. an increase in leakage current. Insulation resistance goes on decreasing as the number of modules is increased from 250 Wp to 1 kWp in series and parallel both. Keywords: Insulation test, leakage current, PV array, insulation resistance
Wind and Astral Power Usage for Generation of Electricity in a Vehicle
Use of abundantly available renewable resources of energy is one of the most interesting areas of research. Harnessing this available energy in a methodical and meaningful way helps us to realize generation of electricity and reducing the carbon footprint of the fossil fuels. The astral energy is the source of all available energy on earth. Wind is another manifestation of astral energy reaching the earth surface. This paper presents a simple and clever utilization of both astral and wind energies to generate electricity by a moving vehicle without altering the performance and aerodynamic aspects of the vehicle. Keywords: Battery electric vehicle, photovoltaic
Design and Construction of a Three Level Clearance Security System
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves /> <w:TrackFormatting /> <w:PunctuationKerning /> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF /> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables /> <w:SnapToGridInCell /> <w:WrapTextWithPunct /> <w:UseAsianBreakRules /> <w:DontGrowAutofit /> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark /> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp /> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables /> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx /> <w:Word11KerningPairs /> <w:CachedColBalance /> </w:Compatibility> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math" /> <m:brkBin m:val="before" /> <m:brkBinSub m:val=" " /> <m:smallFrac m:val="off" /> <m:dispDef /> <m:lMargin m:val="0" /> <m:rMargin m:val="0" /> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup" /> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440" /> <m:intLim m:val="subSup" /> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr" /> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--> We designed a three level clearance system using key card access, hardware keypad password authentication and biometrics finger print scanner based framework that will provide user authentication and authorization. Authentication means that a principal can prove his identity. This is done by means of secrets, usually cryptographic keys. This standard security mechanism will enhance more consistent security policies. The hardware peripherals are directly interfaced with a computer software which coordinated and analyzed all the verification processes and execution of other hardware peripheral controls like opening of an electronic door, granting access to a restricted file in the computer, automatic triggering of alarm on bridge of security, simultaneous multi-user verification etc. The security system will also afford expansion when the need arises. If input password is correct, after analyzing it and comparing it with those in the database; access will be granted by activating the third level security for final verification using the personnel's finger print biometrics. This stage cannot be bridged even if the first and second levels were successful accessed illegally. On final verification, an unrestricted access will be granted to the personnel. Keywords: Security system, keycard access, password, fingerprint biometrics <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true" DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99" LatentStyleCount="267"> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading" /> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]> <mce:style><! /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;} -->
Design and Analysis of Different Delay Lines with Different Performance Parameters
In this article, an analysis of different delay lines (DL) based on CMOS (Complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor) architecture has been done. Comparison has been made on these delay lines in terms of propagation delay, power dissipation, area, and power delay product.After the analysis of those performance parameters, the tradeoff has been made for better performance of delay lines. There are 10 stage tapped delay lines which are used. A process used for calculation of area is clearly described in this article. A 350 nm technology node is used for simulation. Simulation is done with T-SPICE tool. Keywords: Power delay product, time to digital convertor, propagation delay, area
Design of RF Energy Harvesting Circuit Using π Matching Network for Low Power Devices
Author proposed a different matching network in this paper to reduce the losses between a receiving antenna and RF to DC convertor by incorporating a π matching network. RF energy harvesting is increasing in demand to charge the low power device without using any external power supply. In this proposed harvesting circuit, the output voltage has been increased up to 5.9 V, which is sufficient enough to charge any low power devices as there battery capacity is only 50 uAh. Simulation results represent that by using π matching network of high-Q, output voltage of harvesting circuit increases and it becomes more sensitive with respect to input signal frequency and value of elements used. Keywords: Radio frequency energy harvesting, matching network, RF to DC power conversion Cite this Article Garima Bajpai, Umesh Barandiya. Design of RF Energy Harvesting Circuit Using π Matching Network for Low Power Devices. Journal of Instrumentation Technology and Innovations. 2016; 6(3): 29–32p.
Stabilizing Hydrodynamic Bearing Using Hâˆž Loop Shaping Design Procedure
This paper proposes the idea of H∞ loop shaping to design an active stabilizing controller for short journal bearing. Hydrodynamic bearings have viscous friction and stiffness force associated with fluid film layer sheared during the motion of bearing; at high speed, they can land up too wide and considerable heat is generated. As a result instability occurs, thus working inefficiently that can be the cause of material damage and also producing inaccurate result. So, to minimize the error and making the system stable, a controller is designed using robust control (H∞ loop shaping) approach. Firstly, the system is modelled by mathematical approach, and then compensator is selected to make singular value of nominal control system becoming the desired open loop gain. Finally, H∞ loop shaping controller is designed based on robust stabilization theory. Implementation of this controller is cost efficient and reduces system complexity of short journal bearing setup. Keyword: H∞ loop shaping, short journal bearing, robust control Cite this Article Siva Abhishek SJ, Niranjan Kumar Gupta, Abhro Mukherjee et al. Stabilizing Hydrodynamic Bearing Using H∞ Loop Shaping Design Procedure. Journal of Instrumentation Technology and Innovations. 2016; 6(3): 8–13p.
Stabilizing Varying Eccentricity Problem in Hydrodynamic Bearings Using Elegant Control Strategies
The implementation of elegant control strategies to stabilize varying eccentricity problem in hydrodynamic bearing has been proposed in this paper. This implementation deals or gives an advantage of good stability of hydrodynamic bearing, even at critical or threshold speeds where an unstable whirl occurs leading to instability assisted greatly by this varying eccentricity factor. Hence in this paper, we take eccentricity as a function of variation and try to stabilize it with a simple and elegant control law. Related stability graphs have been plotted using MATLAB 2013 and models have been designed using SIMULINK. Keywords: Modeling, varying eccentricity, force coefficients, stiffness coefficients, control law, whirl orbital response Cite this Article Siva Abhishek SJ, Niranjan Kumar Gupta, Abhro Mukherjee, et al. Stabilizing Varying Eccentricity Problem in Hydrodynamic Bearings Using Elegant Control Strategies. Journal of Instrumentation Technology and Innovations. 2016; 6(3): 14–20p.
Design and Implementation of LQR with State Observer for Position Control of DC Servo Motor using dSPACE DS-1104
The aim of this work is to design the LQR based state observer for controlling the position of a DC servo motor. The Luenburger observer is used to design the observer. The feedback controller gain is calculated using LQR technique and the overall system is simulated on MATLAB/Simulink. After observing the observer based feedback system in MATLAB/simulation, the overall system is implemented on dSPACE DS1104 Controller board. The result is tested using the versatile Control Desk software. When compared to other techniques, Usage of DS1104 controller board for system design and implementation minimizes the design and testing time. Results show that controlling the position using this stated method is more effective than PID control. Keywords: State observer, Luenburger observer, dSPACE DS1104, Control desk Cite this Article Shivaraju M A, Sudarshan Patil Kulkarni. Design and Implementation of LQR with State Observer for Position Control of DC Servo Motor Using dSPACE DS-1104. Journal of Instrumentation Technology and Innovations. 2016; 6(3): 21–28p.
Medical Multiparameter Measurement System Development for Doctors
To determine the overall fitness and risk developing chronic diseases of person, doctors need to know the various parameters of person which are height, weight and temperature. For measuring these parameters doctors need different devices. Hence, in this paper, a system is designed to measure height, weight and temperature of a person in a single device. The system includes hall sensor, load cell, LM35 PIC microcontroller, LCD display, pulley with handle and base on which person has to stand. The hall sensor, load cell and LM35 sensor are used for measuring height, weight and temperature, respectively. These three sensors and PIC microcontroller and LCD display are mounted on a same base on which person has to stand. The procedure involves measuring the parameters which are height, weight and temperature using sensors and converting the parameters into digital form using ADC and displaying them on the LCD with the help of PIC microcontroller. This paper concludes with the cost effective system which will also helps to measure body mass index of person along with the mention three parameters. Keywords: Hall Effect, LM35, Load Cell, PIC Microcontroller Cite this Article Manisha R. Mhetre, Amey D. Nanotkar, Aryan S. Verma. Medical Multiparameter Measurement System Development for Doctors. Journal of Instrumentation Technology and Innovation. 2016; 6(3): 1–7p.
Servo and Regulatory Response of Non-linear Spherical Tank System
The highly nonlinear spherical tank system is employed in many process industries for huge storage. The nonlinearity is due to the cross-sectional area of the tank with respect to its height. Thus, the level control of the spherical tank system is a challenging task. The diverse controller methods are existing for level control, in which 95% of controllers employed are Proportional, Integral, and Derivative (PID) controllers. In this paper, to overcome the nonlinearity, in the single spherical tank system, the controller design was done for four different operating regions. By the real time data collected from the system, empirical modelling was performed and their respective first order plus time delay (FOPTD) models at different regions were obtained. Using Ziegler Nichols (ZN) method, PID controller tuning was made for control of level in the system. The performance indices of level control system in the spherical tank were analyzed with set point tracking and servo control. The regulatory response in simulation with the time domain parameters was computed. Keywords: empirical modelling, first order plus time delay (FOPTD) model, load disturbance, Proportional, Integral, and Derivative (PID) controller, set point tracking Cite this Article : Haripriya M, Suji Prasad SJ, Venkatesan B. Servo and Regulatory Response of Nonlinear Spherical Tank System. Journal of Instrumentation Technology and Innovations. 2016; 6(2): 7–14p.
Finite Element Analysis of Double Fillet Weld
Finite element analysis of the double fillet weld joint has been conducted in the present paper. Analysis of stress generated at the weld toes and weld root has been conducted and shown. Fine meshing near the weld toes and root has been adopted for accurate results. Fillet weld considered in the present study have two vertical plates, which are attached to a horizontal plate by welding. Study reveals that weld root and toes is the zone where maximum stress developed which can also called as stress concentration zone. Three-dimensional double fillet weld simulation has been conducted. With increment in load stress generated increases continuously. Total deformation increases with increment in load. Fine meshing increases the time of the solution but gives accurate results obtained by FEA. Keywords: Finite element analysis, weld, metal, fillet, joint Cite this Article Nancy Mary Prakash, Vaibhav Singh Rathore. Finite Element Analysis of Double Fillet Weld. Journal of Instrumentation Technology and Innovations. 2016; 6(2): 28–33p.
Environmental Friendly Hybrid Electric Vehicle Design
Promising mean of reducing emission and fuel consumption requires a hybrid electric vehicle (HEVs) powered by electric machines and an internal combustion engine (ICE). It is done without compromising the driving performances and vehicle functionality. This paper introduces the design of an environmental friendly hybrid electric car that combines gasoline engine and battery pack. The conventional gasoline and diesel-fueled vehicles are benchmarked by the fuel consumption benefitted by hybridization. The gasoline and diesel fueled vehicle investigate the relationship between fuel consumption and vehicle weight. The automobile manufactures reduced greenhouse gases like hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, etc. from the vehicle. These gases result in global warming and pollution, which have harmful effect on both lives and environment. Oil prices are increasing day-by-day. Limitations on the permitted level of exhaust gas releases are being instituted in major cities across the world; therefore, there is a need of fuel-efficient vehicles. A hybrid vehicle is an eco-friendly, emission free vehicle. The individual problems associated with the gasoline engine and the electric vehicle are get around by the proposed design of HEV. It reduces the use of fuel and production of emissions. It conquers the problem of batteries for the electric vehicle. Since an HEV charges itself, it never has to be plugged in. The motor can run as generator to transfer energy from regenerative braking and from gasoline engine to the batteries when it does not provide power. Keywords: Hybrid electric vehicle; gasoline engine; dc motor; batteries; greenhouse gases Cite this Article Jefi Jose C, Anu George Paynadath. Environmental Friendly Hybrid Electric Vehicle Design. Journal of Instrumentation Technology and Innovations. 2016; 6(2): 15–20p.
Comparative Study on Gi-Fi with Other Technologies
In today’s world, technology has changed from wired technology to wireless technology. By improving the recent technologies, it gives rise to a new technology that is Gi-Fi technology. Gi-Fi stands for gigabit wireless. It is a transceiver, which is integrated on a single chip that operates at 60 GHz on CMOS process. This wireless transmission system, is ten times faster than other technologies. In this technology, audio and video data can be transferred up to 5 Gbps, its range is almost 10 m and it consumes low power. It is a 5 mm square chip, it can access high broadband and large files can be exchanged within seconds with high speed. The advantage of this technology is that it is helpful in the development of new devices of next generation. Keywords: Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, WiMax, Gi-Fi Cite this Article Rini Paul, Preema Theresa Varghese. Comparative Study on Gi-Fi with Other Technologies. Journal of Instrumentation Technology and Innovations. 2016; 6(2): 1–5p.
Neuro-Fuzzy Technique Based Fault Diagnosis in Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger
In order to transfer heat between two different medium or else the same medium heat exchanger is used. It is most widely used in oil refineries and other large chemical processes, and it is also suitable for high-pressure applications. Because of the change in process parameters, the general warmth exchange rate will be reduced in the heat exchanger. In order to rectify it, the possible faults developed in the heat exchanger have to be identified. Due to this reason, various fault diagnosis methods are commonly used. An Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) is preferred here. This method requires large amount of process data. The real time readings for both normal and fault operating conditions from a shell and tube heat exchanger are obtained. In addition, a transfer function model is also derived using the real time data. The ANFIS is trained with both the normal and fault data. By entering the test input data, the working condition of the heat exchanger can be identified by this technique. Keywords: fault diagnosis, shell and tube heat exchanger, Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System Cite this Article Monisa S, Vijayachithra S. Neuro-Fuzzy Technique Based Fault Diagnosis in Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger. Journal of Instrumentation Technology and Innovations. 2016; 6(2): 21–27p.
Design, Construction and Testing of a Solar Charged Multi-USB Power Bank Using Lithium-ion Batteries
This work proposes the design of a solar-powered charger for low-power devices. The level of the charging current is controllable and any residue power is saved to a rechargeable 12-volt lithium-ion battery. The power source is the solar panel, which is connected to a power booster for faster charging of any USB device connected to it. Quick charging is 20% of the battery output current (almost 10,000 mA/h) so that the current is limited to 2000 mA. Normal charging is 10% of the cellular battery output current (almost 1,000 mA/h), so that the charging current is limited to 500 mA. The design uses only a few components, making the cost system minimal and highly portable. It was simulated on MultiSim Ver. 11 before being implemented practically to validate it. The results from the simulation and the experiment show the design’s sufficient feasibility for practical implementation. Keywords: Renewable energy, Solar power, Solar panel, Lithium-ion battery, USB charger Cite this Article Onah CI, Mbamara US, Ebegbulem MM. Design, Construction and Testing of a Solar Charged Multi-USB Power Bank Using Lithium-Ion Batteries. Journal of Instrumentation Technology and Innovations. 2016; 6(1): 61–76p.
Motor Control Circuits Used in Automatic Sun Tracking Systems: A Review
Sun tracking systems provide excellent values of energy gain when compared to fixed photovoltaic (PV) systems. One of the prominent blocks of an active sun tracking system (ASTS) is the motor drive control circuit. This circuit controls motor movement and aligns the PV panel to remain normal to incident solar radiation during all times of the day. The motor drive mechanism includes an electronic circuit that accurately controls the movement of a tracking motor using closed loop or open loop control systems. Precise alignment of the PV panel for correctly tracking the sun throughout the day depends on the performance of the motor control circuit. This review paper focuses on the different types of sun tracking systems used by researchers all over the world and the various types of motor control circuits used in them. It also compares their performance, relative merits and demerits based on their operating principle. Keywords: Automatic sun tracking system (ASTS), motor control circuits, fixed PV panels, closed loop system, open loop system Cite this Article Singh SP, Srikant K, Jairaj KS. Motor Control Circuits Used in Automatic Sun Tracking Systems: A Review. Journal of Instrumentation Technology and Innovations. 2016; 6(1): 43–60p.
A Review on Transformer Design and Innovative Aspects of Optimization
Transformer is the most costly and important component of power system. It is more than 100 years old technology. Technology has not changed drastically but the challenges are continuous increase in size and rating, competition in global market, accurate prediction of performance parameters, updating of design baseline and many more. Transformer design optimization (TDO) is a complex task in which designer have to ensure that the imposed specifications are met, while keeping manufacturing costs low. The research associated with design optimization is therefore more restricted involving different mathematical optimization methods. This paper presents review of research and development in transformer engineering and design optimization for the past 40 years based on more than 100 published papers, latest 10 transformer books and various national and international standards. Keywords: transformer design optimization (TDO), magnetic circuit, no load losses, load loss cooling, finite element method (FEM) Cite this Article Parekh C, Kotwal C, Upadhyay H. A review on transformer design and innovative aspects of optimization. Journal of Instrumentation Technology and Innovations. 2016; 6(1): 10–22p.
Design and Construction of Water Tank Monitoring and Control System with Digital Display
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves /> <w:TrackFormatting /> <w:PunctuationKerning /> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF /> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables /> <w:SnapToGridInCell /> <w:WrapTextWithPunct /> <w:UseAsianBreakRules /> <w:DontGrowAutofit /> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark /> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp /> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables /> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx /> <w:Word11KerningPairs /> <w:CachedColBalance /> </w:Compatibility> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math" /> <m:brkBin m:val="before" /> <m:brkBinSub m:val=" " /> <m:smallFrac m:val="off" /> <m:dispDef /> <m:lMargin m:val="0" /> <m:rMargin m:val="0" /> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup" /> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440" /> <m:intLim m:val="subSup" /> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr" /> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--> Design and construction of water tank monitor and control system with digital display is designed to monitor the level of water in a tank. It displays the level of water at every calibrated level. The pump is activated automatically to refill the tank when the water level is low, when the tank is filled to its maximum capacity; the pump is automatically de-energized via the help of the probe that sends signal to the microcontroller, which in turn sends signals to the relay to switch OFF the pump machine. Several circuits put together to ensure proper working of this design, and the block diagram includes the supply unit, the voltage regulator, the microcontroller unit, the sensor unit, the display unit and the pump drives unit. The power unit is responsible for turning on the entire circuit. Some components are used to set up power unit and they include; a 12 V step-down transformer, a bridge rectifier circuit, a filtering capacitor and a voltage regulator integrated circuit (IC). The PIC16F48A microcontroller controls/monitors virtually all the actions carried out in this design. The sensor unit is responsible for sensing the level of water and transfer the current position of water to the microcontroller. The display unit in the circuit, which uses the properties of a seven-segment digital display, is used to physically show the current level of water in the tank. Keywords: Water tank, monitor, digital display, control system, construction Cite this Article Onah CI, Mbamara US, Totty AP. Design and Construction of Water Tank Monitoring and Control System with Digital Display. Journal of Instrumentation Technology and Innovations. 2016; 6(1): 23–42p. <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true" DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99" LatentStyleCount="267"> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading" /> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]> <mce:style><! /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;} -->
LabVIEW-based Virtual Instrument for Simulation of Doppler Blood Flow Velocimetry of Umbilical Artery
Doppler blood flow velocimetry has become a routine practice for fetal surveillance in high-risk pregnancies. Doppler assessment of various fetal vascular beds helps in determining the relationship between fetal circulation and associated fetal conditions like hypoxia, brain-sparing effect and growth restriction. The umbilical artery, uterine artery and middle cerebral artery are three most studied vascular beds for fetal surveillance. In our research we are focused only on the umbilical artery since, abnormal umbilical artery velocimetric findings is a direct indication of an elevated value of resistance to the blood flow in the placenta. To better understand this relationship we have constructed a mathematical model of feto-placental circulation. A LabVIEW-based virtual instrument is also designed to simulate the model. The simulated waveform is similar to Doppler blood flow velocimetry of umbilical artery. Doppler indices (resistive index, systolic-to-diastolic ratio, pulsatility index) derived from simulated waveform revealed consistent relationship with advancing gestation as shown by real-time Doppler blood flow velocimetry of umbilical artery. Abnormal values of Doppler indices indicate complicated fetal conditions like intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR). Keywords: Feto-placental circulation, Doppler velocimetry, umbilical artery, mathematical model, simulation, LabVIEW Cite this Article Abdullah Bin Queyam, Sarwan Kumar Pahuja, Dilbag Singh. LabVIEW-based Virtual Instrument for Simulation of Doppler Blood Flow Velocimetry of Umbilical Artery. Journal of Instrumentation Technology and Innovations. 2016; 6(1): 1–9p.