Journal of Construction Engineering, Technology & Management
Journal of Construction Engineering, Technology and Management (JoCETM) is an international eJournal focused towards the rapid publication of fundamental research papers on all areas of Construction Engineering, Technology and Construction management . Focus and Scope Covers Planning and Management of the Construction of Structures Design of Temporary Structures Quality Assurance and Quality Control Building and Site Layout Surveys On Site Material Testing, Safety Engineering, Materials Procurement, Budgeting & Cost Engineering Concrete Mix Design
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Reviewing Some Properties of Concrete Containing Recycled Concrete Aggregates
Concrete being most commonly used construction material, is largely responsible for exhaustion of natural resources. The construction activities around the world generate millions tons of Construction and Demolition Wastes (CDW) every year. This waste generated from the construction activities and demolition of old structures is becoming a major concern for the modern society. Thus, the construction industry is more attracted towards the use of alternate materials so that the impact of CDW is reduced. The use of Recycled Concrete Aggregates (RCA) as a replacement of Natural Aggregates (NA) may help to conserve the natural resources and reduce the environmental impact. This paper presents a review on the production and properties of RCA. The properties of concrete made with RCA are also presented. Keywords: Recycled concrete, aggregates, construction and demolition waste, natural aggregates Cite this Article Kanish Kapoor, Irmandeep Singh. Reviewing Some Properties of Concrete Containing Recycled Concrete Aggregates. Journal of Construction Engineering, Technology and Management. 2017; 7(2): 50–62p.
Survey Study on Environment Impact Assessment in Construction: A Review
Rapid expansion of industry and population in India has transfering of people from villages to cities, which has enhanced human settlement in world’s rising towns and cities. This generates several problems related to the atmosphere. Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is now a very vital study before communing of any project idea or expansion in our country. The EIA study is necessary to arrange a detailed account of environmental effect of the planned activity so that suitable intervention could be taken. An effort has been made in this paper to know about environmental effect of building civil plan using checklist investigation method. The study in direction of range of parameters such as parking area, rain water harvesting, basement area, total area, sewage treatment plant in depth of ground water, solid waste, water quality, have distance from the city centre, possible nearby sensitive zones. The plan needs to describe the project in a holistic way and propose possible mitigation measures for development. Keywords: Method of environmental impact assessment, building construction, checklist Cite this Article Anant Singh, Ramesh M. Survey Study on Environment Impact Assessment in Construction: A Review. Journal of Construction Engineering, Technology & Management. 2017; 7(2): 27–34p
A Review of Ecofriendly Bricks by Using Fly Ash
Concrete, steel and bricks are commonly used materials in construction practice, of which, bricks are most commonly used constituent. Masonry walls are commonly used in partition thereby large numbers of brick elements are required in construction of building. In this paper, various types of manufacturing of bricks were studied. Optimum percentage of fly ash using various combinations of material in the brick like lime, cement and clay are studied and their effect on different properties of bricks have been discussed. The parameters considered in this study are compressive strength, water absorption and durability of bricks with fly ash, and are checked with codal provisions for brick elements. Keywords: Bricks, fly ash, cement, compressive strength, lime Cite this Article Gadling Pravin P, Varma MB. A Review of Ecofriendly Bricks by Using Fly Ash. Journal of Construction Engineering, Technology & Management. 2017; 7(2): 35–40p.
Utilization of Pond Ash as a Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate Using Alccofine in Conventional Concrete
Abstract Pond ash is the byproduct and is produce from coal plants. These plants release byproduct in major quantity which effects the environment. In this paper, an experimental work has been done on the conventional concrete with pond ash as replacement of fine aggregate. The grade of the concrete is M-40 and nine concrete mixes named as F1, F2, F3, G1, G2, G3, G4, G5 and G6 were prepared with different replacement ratios (10, 15 and 20 percent) of pond ash using alccofine 2.5 and 5 percent as replacement of cement. Each set of concrete mix comprised of 6 cubes, tested at the age of 7 and 28 days of curing period. it is concluded that optimum replacement of fine aggregate in M-40 is achieved at 15% pond ash using 5% alccofine. Therefore, the utilization of pond ash as partial replacement of fine aggregates will be feasible, economical and safe from environmental point of view and hence can be used as an alternative to fine aggregates. Keywords: Concrete, Coarse Aggregate, Compressive Strength, Pumice aggregate, Light weight concrete Cite this Article Dheeraj Pratap Singh, Bibha Mahto. Utilization of Pond Ash as a Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate Using Alccofine in Conventional Concrete. Journal of Construction Engineering, Technology and Management. 2017; 7(2): 12–16p.
Effect of Construction Load on RC Floor Slab
In reinforced concrete building structures, floors are added from bottom to top sequentially. The load due to construction of new floor is transferred to the lower floor slab through shoring. Different construction practices are adopted at work sites for the transfer of this load. The effect of construction practices was reviewed. The threshold value for bending moment under construction load is marked to provide the caution against the possible failure of lower floor slab. Keywords: Construction load, RC floor slab, construction practice, shoring, reshoring Cite this Article Bhatti MV, Londhe RS. Effect of Construction Load on RC Floor Slab. Journal of Construction Engineering, Technology and Management. 2017; 7(2): 41–49p.
Optimum location of shear wall with plan Irregularity of Multistoried structure for Wind Analysis Using E-Tab
Abstract Shear wall are used to elongate the strength and stiffness of structure ,equal length and width of shear wall is maintained in the models which are modeled in E-TAB software . In this chronicle different irregular shapes “h” and “J” shapes are considered with different location of shear wall in it to see the structure in terms of reliability .The structure is 15 storied high which has height of 52 m(meter) and the location of the structure is considered in the city Vijaywada where basic wind speed is 50m/s . The parameters which affect the structure are column forces and maximum moment which needs to be analyzed for better efficiency of structure Keywords: E-TABS, Plan irregularity, Column forces, Maximum moment, Shear wall Cite this Article Akash S. Waghmode, D. N. Kakade, Dr. A. P. Wadekar. Optimum location of shear wall with plan Irregularity of Multistoried structure for Wind Analysis Using E-Tab. Journal of Construction Engineering, Technology and Management. 2017; 7(2): 7–11p.
Development of Structural Health and Damage Assessment Chart of a Building
As the requirement of infrastructure is increasing day by day, process of new construction is increasing rapidly but the quantity of old infrastructures is more, also new construction has some limitations, so the pre-constructed structures should be maintained properly to achieve their full life and also to reach economic balance. Building structures deteriorate with respect to time due to various environmental conditions like temperature, presence of moisture, humidity and gases, large seismic events affect overall durability and health of the building. Corrosion of reinforcement in the concrete is the main reason in concrete deterioration. This effect may further increase and severity of damage may increase. The need of the present study is to have a time saving and accurate methods to analyse the structural health of the infrastructure and also to suggest preventive measures to increase the service life of the structure. SHM also brings a quantitative metric that, when used properly, can compare current and healthy states to determine the extent of degradation and damage and, moreover, can be applied to predict the lifespan of structural systems. Keywords: Structural health, Damage assessment, Non-destructive testing, Damage Index, Damage level Cite this Article Nikita S. Naik, Alandkar PM. Development of Structural Health and Damage Assessment Chart of a Building. Journal of Construction Engineering, Technology and Management. 2017; 7(2): 63–74p.
Abstract A process which generate and manage digital presentation of functional characteristics of places is known as Building information modelling (BIM). BIM is helpful to exchanged, mined a building or additional built asset. Now a day for preparing plan, design operate and maintain infrastructure such as water, electricity, gas, roads, bridges, ports and tunnels etc. BIM is commonly use. In this paper, we are trying to execute the work of BIM for 3D and 4D modelling. Keywords: BIM, Bidding, Construction Management, 3D & 4D BIM Cite this Article R. S. Patil, S. P. Nirkhe. Exploring Building Information Modeling. Journal of Construction Engineering, Technology and Management. 2017; 7(2): 1–6p.
Risk Assessment in Indian Construction Projects Using Modified Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process
Construction projects are initiated in dynamic environment which creates circumstances of high uncertainty and risks due to accumulation of many interrelated parameters. So, the need for establishing a systematic risk assessment for construction projects has increased more than ever before with the additional fact that the construction projects are becoming increasingly complex and dynamic. The aim of this paper is to provide a risk assessment methodology that provides a decision support tool, directed for the commercial construction projects. By the study of the risk registers of commercial construction projects, key risk factors category and their attributes which affects the project are identified based on the project objectives. The objective of this study is to perform risk assessment considering the project objectives and propose a risk index for the attributes which are identified, and rank them to prioritize the risk factors. The commonly identified factors from risk registers of various projects are subjected to survey and collected from project managers of an organization through mail or through personnel meeting. The survey questionnaire is designed to derive the relative importance of factors one over other by pair-wise comparison. By assigning a scale of values to rate the importance and by converting those to triangular fuzzy numbers, the fuzzified values are obtained. Those fuzzy numbers are aggregated, defuzzified and applied into analytic hierarchy process to obtain the priority vectors, by which ranking for the attributes is done. Keywords: Risk assessment, commercial construction projects, fuzzy analytic hierarchy process, risk index Cite this Article Sadhana C, Shanmugapriya S. Risk Assessment in Indian Construction Projects Using Modified Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process. Journal of Construction Engineering, Technology & Management. 2017; 7(2): 17–26p.
Ranking of Relative Importance of Productivity Factors in Indian Construction Projects
Abstract Productivity remains an intriguing subject and a dominant issue in the construction sector. Best performance is unachievable with poor productivity resulting in time over-run and consequently cost escalation of projects. Hence, productivity is of critical importance to the profitability of most construction projects and it is essential that attempts to be made to improve productivity. Any improvement in productivity cannot be achieved without understanding the factors that adversely affect productivity. The objective of this research, therefore, is to identify and rank factors perceived to influence productivity of construction projects in Indian context with respect to their relative importance and to determine the importance percentage of main factors and sub factors of productivity. To achieve this objective, a questionnaire survey was carried out targeting respondents from four distinct projects, namely, residential, commercial, infrastructure and industrial. The questionnaire comprised 39 sub factors, classified under the following 10 main factors: manpower, motivation, time, material/tools, leadership, supervision, project, safety, quality, and external. The findings show that, among the factors explored, the subsequent 10 are discerned to be the most significant factors influencing productivity: (1) Lack of availability of electricity, power and water at project site (2) Lack of labour experience (3) Frequent revisions and alterations in design, drawings and specifications (4) Rework due to field error committed by craftsmen (5) Working overtime (6) Material shortage at site (7) Increasing number of labors in the site, so as to accelerate work (8) Payment delay (9) Low quality of raw materials used for construction operations (10) Shortage of tools and equipment necessary to do the job on site. This research’s findings will provide better insights to construction practitioners into productivity issues in India and more effectively direct future efforts to achieve productivity improvement to enhance the performance of construction project. Keywords: Productivity, construction projects, relative importance, rank, importance percentage Cite this Article Darwin Princy J, Shanmugapriya S. Ranking of Relative Importance of Productivity Factors in Indian Construction Projects. Journal of Construction Engineering, Technology & Management. 2017; 7(1): 67–77p.
Effect of Used Cooking Oil on the Characteristics of Concrete including Gap-graded Aggregate
Abstract Due to large amounts, more than one billion gallons, of used cooking oil which are produced yearly, there is a need to carry out the sustainability for construction materials. This study aims to investigate the effect of Used Cooking Oil (UCO) on the fresh and hardened properties of concrete using different percentages from this oil with gap-graded aggregate. Ten concrete mixes were conducted in the laboratory for two mixing proportion (1:1.5:3) and (1:2:4) with a constant W/C equal to 0.5. This study is concentrated on the influence of UCO on the compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, density, and absorption. The results demonstrate that noticeable increments in the recorded slump values as the ratio of UCO used in this work raised gradually. Based on the results of compressive strength test, the existence of UCO as an admixture in concrete leads to a reduction in the compressive strength and this reduction increases with the increase of UCO ratio. Other concrete properties including splitting strength and flexural strength, indicated trends are similar to that observed in compressive strength for all proportions of UCO. Regarding to the density and absorption, the presence of UCO as an admixture in concrete leads to slightly decrease in the density for both series of mixes and this reduction increases with the increment in the percentage of UCO. While for absorption, displays increment due to the increase in the UCO proportion. Keywords: Used cooking oil, slump test, compressive strength, gap-graded aggregate, concrete mix Cite this Article Rawa Shaker, Abi rudah Muwashee. Effect of Used Cooking Oil on the Characteristics of Concrete including Gap-graded Aggregate. Journal of Construction Engineering, Technology & Management. 2017; 7(1): 55–66p.
Determination of the Priority in Risks Management of Construction Projects
Abstract Construction projects are faced to a state of uncertainty and an increase in the likelihood of multiple risk types, since that the achievement of these projects goes through several stages. The first is the decision stage and other stages ending with the maintenance phase of these projects, which leads to increase in the length of the period of completion, and privacy enjoyed by construction projects and distinguishes them apart from the rest of the projects. This uncertainty appears in the uncertainty of control to achieve the objectives of the projects which are, the time of completion, the cost and quality of work, in addition to the safety of these projects professionally. This uncertainty can be overcome through analysing risk to these projects and then managing them and studying the results. Several studies have been made in this field, including this study. The aim of this research is to study the different types of risk and its impact on a variety of construction projects and then determine the most important risk in order to confront it by identifying its maximum and minimum index of importance; and so correctly using the project budget and not wasting it in facing of other risks with less importance; as well as study the most important procedures of response to these risks. The achievement of these aims was through the views of a number of experts in the construction industry in the field of risk management through questionnaire (exclusively) for the purpose of reaching a certain strategy in how to manage them correctly. One of the main conclusions reached by the research is that the two risks: lack of plans for the networks service passers through the site electrical such as a chart, telephone, water, etc. and differences between the required implementation specifications as a result of a misunderstanding of the drawings and specifications have the most important influence on construction projects, and put contractual conditions is the most appropriate procedure in response and confrontation risks. Keywords: Construction industry, analysis and risk management, uncertainty, risk index Cite this Article Rasheed Entisar K. Determination of the Priority in Risks Management of Construction Projects. Journal of Construction Engineering, Technology & Management. 2017; 7(1): 45–54p.
Study of Natural Ventilation and Lighting in Residential Building
Abstract Naturally ventilated and lighted buildings have a key role to play in mitigating climate change. Now a day’s no one concentrates in the functional design of building like natural ventilation and lighting. In some highly populated areas does not gather any natural ventilation and lightings inside the buildings. The main study of the project is how to get natural energy gains into the buildings. Ventilation and lighting plays a vital role not only in buildings but also psychology and comfort level of occupants using the building. Building without ventilation and lighting will be a bad design and also called as sick building. Natural lighting and ventilation is mandatory part of today’s design to save energy. It can also be called as heart of a building design. The main aim of our study is to give a conclusion for gathering natural ventilation and lighting inside the buildings. We chose one residential building in the populated area, analyzed the problems and provide solutions to get natural ventilation and lights. Keywords: Lighting, Ventilation, Functional design, Energy saving Cite this Article Mohamed Irfan M, Sirajudeen K, Muthu Kumar. T. Study of Natural Ventilation and Lighting in Residential Building. Journal of Construction Engineering, Technology & Management. 2017; 7(1): 30–44p.
Abstract Glass fiber reinforced concrete (GFRC) beam thickness analysis has been studied in the present paper. GFRC is the widely used material in structures, over other materials to resolve the problems in concrete structures. They provide strength and stiffness to concrete beam. ANSYS has been utilized in the present work to the problem. Effect of thickness of the GFRC has been studied in the present paper by studying the deformation and strain generated. Four different sets have been modeled, all having the same outer dimensions. To change the thickness of GFRC concrete, beam dimensions have been reduced and results have been compared with the beam which is made of concrete only. Base beam dimensions are 250×450 mm2 and length is 3000 mm. Three thicknesses of GFRC have been considered 2, 3 and 4 mm. From the results it has been found that beam with 4 mm thickness GFRC shows less deformation compared to the other beams, which indirectly means that GFRC beam has higher strength compared to simple concrete beam. Weight comparison of all the beams has also been carried out which represents that with 4 mm thickness, GFRC is lighter in weight compared to the others. Keywords: Strenght, GFRC, Ansys, concrete beam Cite this Article Pratap Dhakad, Rakesh Patel. GFRC Beam Thickness Analysis Using FEM. Journal of Construction Engineering, Technology and Management. 2017; 7(1): 22–29p.
Forecasting of Factors Affecting Thermiston Work Productivity Estimation by Using Artificial Neural Network
Abstract The research aims to find factors affecting of Thermiston work productivity and the derivation of an equation to predict the rates of Thermiston work productivity by using artificial neural network technology and compared with traditional methods. The Artificial Neural Network with multilayer by back-propagation error technique for modeling the productivity estimation is used, it is founded that the ANN are able to manage to, can predict the productivity for Thermiston work with a good level of, amount of accuracy where the average accuracy (92.5)% and value of (R) equals to (89.5). Also shown that the more influential factor on the Thermiston work productivity by using technology artificial neural networks technique is the level of work, performance and experience, either according to MLR technique the factors level of work, and the security is the most influential factors, and materials are available depending on the questionnaire was the most influential factor on the Thermiston work productivity. From this study was to draw many conclusions and recommendations for future studies. Keywords: Factors Affecting, Thermiston Work, Productivity, Artificial Neural Network Cite this Article Sawsan R. Mohamed. Forecasting of Factors Affecting Thermiston work Productivity Estimation by Using Artificial Neural Network. Journal of Construction Engineering, Technology & Management. 2017; 7(1): 10–21p.
Analysis and Assessment of Energy Saving in Building Construction Using Sustainable Building Materials: A Case Study
Abstract Sustainable technology is associated with creating environment with the materials that are reproducible and would not involve materials and methods that encroach on to future needs of the society. Building materials, technologies and building practices have evolved through ages signifying quality and reliability. It is widely known that housing and building sector represents the living standards of society. Some of the building materials namely stone, mud, thatch, leaves and timber are extensively used in construction of buildings. Energy in different forms is used in manufacturing and transportation of these natural materials for construction. Burnt bricks, lime, cement, steel, metal products, paints and PVC are the manufactured materials (using external energy) commonly used for construction industry. Extensive use of these materials can drain the energy resources and adversely affect the environment. It is difficult to meet the ever-growing demand for buildings by adopting only energy efficient materials and construction methods. The raw materials to produce simple, energy efficient, eco-friendly and sustainable building materials and techniques to satisfy the increasing demand for buildings and decrease the consumption of energy in buildings. For this purpose a study is considered. Keywords: Energy, sustainable materials, alternative technologies, green buildings Cite this Article Vijaya Bhaskar S, Nagendra Prasad K. Analysis and Assessment of Energy Saving in Building Construction Using Sustainable Building Materials: A Case Study. Journal of Construction Engineering, Technology & Management. 2017; 7(1): 1–9p.
Reliability of Preliminary Cost Estimates of Educational Building Projects in a Developing Economy
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:AllowPNG /> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--> Abstract This study focused on the reliability of preliminary cost estimates of educational building projects in Nigeria with a view to providing more reliable cost estimates and reducing the number of abandoned educational building projects caused by faulty preliminary estimates. Using a case study approach, a total of 33 completed educational building projects were assessed and 31 construction professionals (Quantity Surveyors and Architects) formed the secondary population of the study. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, relative importance index, paired sample t-test, effect size and variance ratio. The study revealed that approximate quantities is the most commonly used method for preparing preliminary cost estimate of educational building projects while there exist a significant difference between the preliminary cost estimate and final cost of construction of educational building projects. Despite this difference, the preliminary cost estimate is still reliable as a considerable level of accuracy was discovered. The major factors affecting the reliability of preliminary cost estimate are variation due to changes in design and specification, experience of the estimator and site condition. The study therefore recommends that care should be taken when carrying out preliminary estimate and estimating should be done by professional with experience in such area. During construction, all works should be carried out according to specification in order to avoid deviation from initial plan and estimate. Keywords: Nigeria, preliminary cost estimates, final construction cost, educational buildings Cite this Article Arijeloye, Bamidele Temitope, Aghimien et al. Reliability of Preliminary Cost Estimates of Educational Building Projects in a Developing Economy. 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Name="Body Text Indent" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="List Continue" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="List Continue 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="List Continue 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="List Continue 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="List Continue 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Message Header" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Salutation" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Date" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Body Text First Indent" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Body Text First Indent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Note Heading" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Body Text 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Body Text 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Body Text Indent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Body Text Indent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Block Text" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Hyperlink" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="FollowedHyperlink" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Document Map" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Plain Text" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="E-mail Signature" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="HTML Top of Form" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="HTML Bottom of Form" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Normal (Web)" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="HTML Acronym" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="HTML Address" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="HTML Cite" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="HTML Code" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="HTML Definition" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="HTML Keyboard" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="HTML Preformatted" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="HTML Sample" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="HTML Typewriter" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="HTML Variable" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Normal Table" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="annotation subject" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="No List" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Outline List 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Outline List 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Outline List 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Simple 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Simple 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Simple 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Classic 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Classic 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Classic 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Classic 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Colorful 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Colorful 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Colorful 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Columns 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Columns 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Columns 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Columns 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Columns 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Grid 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Grid 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Grid 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Grid 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Grid 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Grid 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Grid 7" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Grid 8" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table List 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table List 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table List 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table List 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table List 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table List 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table List 7" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table List 8" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table 3D effects 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table 3D effects 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table 3D effects 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Contemporary" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Elegant" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Professional" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Subtle 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Subtle 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Web 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Web 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Web 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Balloon Text" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" Name="Table Grid" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Theme" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 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Abstract Unusual high stage of river is called flood. In flood, the water level rises to an extent in which water starts spilling over the bank and spreading to the flood plains. The frequency and intensity of floods has intensified in the country over the years primarily due to encroachment of flood plains because of obvious advantages of water supply and irrigation. Flood causes extensive damage to infrastructure, the economy and devastation to human settlements. Heavy rains during the monsoon season lasting between June and September are a common peril hazard in North-East India. Usually 80 to 90 percent of the annual rain falls over most parts of the country, due to monsoon circulation cause severe floods in some of the Indian rivers due to cyclonic precipitation. Out of the total geographical area of 329 mha of India, more than 40 mha is flood prone. In the past three decades, about 481 natural disasters struck India in which 184 were flood disasters affecting millions of people and took over 4000 lives. According to the climate change reports from inter-governmental panel, warn that the climate change in the country will lead to an increase in frequency, intensity, spatial extent, duration, and timing of extreme weather events. For preparing to minimize the flood damages, many techniques can be adopted in which construction of flood resisting houses is an important step to be worked on. Measures to design of flood resistant houses and some case are discussed and described in the present paper. Keywords: Mitigation techniques, floating house Cite this Article Subhan Ahmad, Mohammad Kamil Khan, Mohd. Saqib. Flood Resistant Houses. Journal of Construction Engineering, Technology & Management. 2016; 6(3): 54–56p.
Use of Recycled Aggregates in Concrete Mix Used as White Topping
Abstract Concrete, steel, brick, stone, glass, clay, mud and wood are the key materials for construction of any civil structure. Now a day’s cement concrete is the main construction material used worldwide in construction industries. As per the environmental change, concrete conserve resources, protect the environment, economize and lead to proper utilization of energy. To triumph this, use of wastes and by-products in concrete mix used for new constructions in a concrete mix, recycled aggregates play a very important role as a major constitute of concrete. By using recycled aggregate, we reduced the ingesting of energy and natural materials and ingesting of waste materials. Under this topic, we focus on sustainable development for our country. In this paper, we focus on, using recycled aggregate as alternative to natural aggregate with varying replacement percentage for the concrete mix used for existing pavements. Keywords: Cement concrete, recycled aggregate, bituminous pavements, IRC SP-76 Cite this Article Borde Pratik Sanjay, Nirkhe Saurabh P. Use of Recycled Aggregates in Concrete Mix Used as White Topping. Journal of Construction Engineering, Technology & Management. 2016; 6(3): 57–62p.
Abstract Quality has transformed into a fundamental part of the construction project management industry. With creating competition between various private firms, quality control and quality assurance has grown to accomplish its significance in the construction industry. Quality administration has been inserted in as a part of the framework for quite a while now but still defects arise. This conflict arises due to difference in the management’s and the consumer’s perception of a quality product. This study has been carried out as an endeavor to understand if there really is any distinction or not. Just when this is seen accurately, can quality genuinely be judged? In other words, one should differentiate between the factual definition of quality and quality as a perception. The providers of services or goods that meet specifications achieve quality in fact. In other words, a product can be of high quality and yet it may not meet customer's needs and vice versa. Thus, a hypothesis testing using t-test has been carried out in this study to comprehend if there exist a difference in perception of people belonging to different age groups and educational backgrounds. Keywords: Hypothesis testing, t-test, quality, client-contractor, relationships Cite this Article Ujjwal Prabhakar, Purnima Bajpai. Understanding Quality in Construction. Journal of Construction Engineering, Technology & Management. 2016; 6(3): 70–74p.
Experimental Study of Sulphate Attack on Steel Embedded in Reinforced Concrete
Abstract Corrosion is one of the biggest problems of steel in reinforced concrete (RC) structure, which deteriorates the durability of concrete structure at a considerable rate. In this paper, we have studied the corrosion density, corrosion rate, and resistivity to a solution of 0.78 N H2SO4 with the help of electrochemical process to a temperature range of 307–309±1 K by using Stern Geary equation and Tafel slope on 12 and 8 mmÏ• bar. The current work gives a deep review on the corrosion rate and weight loss caused due to sulphuric acid attack on steel embedded in concrete in existing and new infrastructure as well as building infrastructure. The result obtained shows that corrosion rate of mild steel bar of 8 mmÏ• in H2SO4 is fast as compared to 12 mmÏ• bar taken periodically. Keywords: Corrosion, Fe 415 mild steel, electrochemical, resistivity, corrosion rate, sulphuric acid Cite this Article Trivedi Ashutosh S, Sharma RP. Experimental Study of Sulphate Attack on Steel Embedded in Reinforced Concrete. Journal of Construction Engineering, Technology & Management. 2016; 6(3): 25–34p.
Analysis and Design of Cantilevered Steel False Work Systems Subjected to Earthquake Loads
Abstract Construction of buildings with non-typical floors has been always problematic in extending the false work all over the height to support non-regular cantilevered slabs extending from upper floors. Cantilevered frames supporting formwork systems with no need for extending the false work along the height of the building have been recently designed in previous studies. However, the need to design such cantilevers in order to withstand dynamic loads has emerged. Within this study, modal analyses of two different designs of cantilevered false works are performed with varying spans and during the different stages of construction. The results are used to judge whether these temporary structures are expected to resonate due to dynamic loads such as winds and earthquakes or not. Furthermore, the behaviors of these structures were studied under an actual earthquake through performing a time-history analysis and the adjusted designs of the members due to the new load combination were performed. Keywords: Structural engineering, structural steel, construction engineering, structural dynamics, earthquake engineering Cite this Article Mohamed Mohamed Salah El-Din Darwish, Ahmed Hatem Romaih, Sama Tarek Taha et al. Analysis and Design of Cantilevered Steel False Work Systems Subjected to Earthquake Loads. Journal of Construction Engineering, Technology and Management. 2016; 6(3): 35–47p.
Building Material Selection Ideology for Sustainability in India
Abstract Buildings are largest share of consumer of energy and also one of the major producers of greenhouse gases. Buildings are a topic of discussion on an international platform. Sustainability is one of major demands. It may be true that in the current phase, it is just a demand of academicians and people concerned for sustainable development but sooner or later every client will be demanding for sustainable buildings. It will be responsibility of us, the designers, contractors and planners to provide proper service. Material selection is the key aspect of sustainable construction. The paper discusses the ideology that can be followed while selection of materials for sustainable building construction. Keywords: Construction, building material, timber, sustainable Cite this Article Tanima Shrivastava, Ashish Choudhary. Building Material Selection Ideology for Sustainability in India. Journal of Construction Engineering, Technology & Management. 2016; 6(3): 48–53p.
Experimental Analysis of Filler Slab Using Self-Compacting Concrete
Abstract Present-day self-compacting concrete is classified as an advanced construction material. Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is an innovative concrete that does not require vibration for placing and compaction. It can flow under its weight, completely filling formwork and achieving full compaction, even in the presence of congested reinforcement. The hardened concrete is dense, homogeneous and has the same engineering properties and durability as traditional vibrated concrete. An important improvement of health and safety is achieved through elimination of handling of vibrators and a substantial reduction of environmental noise loading on and around a site. The composition of SCC mixes includes substantial proportions of fine-grained inorganic materials, and this gives possibilities for utilization of mineral admixtures, which are currently waste products with no practical applications. The primary objective of this study is to make use of the optimum percentage of fly ash in addition to cement and vary the percentage of fine aggregate in terms of total aggregate and understand its effects on the fresh and hardened properties of concrete. The workability of SCC increased as the percentage of fine aggregate is increased. The study also intended to find the optimum mix design ratio for the M20 grade that satisfies both the fresh and hardened properties. Slump flow, V-funnel, L-flow and compressive strength tests were carried out to examine the performance of SCC. Then the filler slab specimens were cast in different sizes and tested for their flexural behaviour, and the results compared with the theoretical values. Keywords: Self-compacting concrete, filler slab, superplasticizer, flexural behaviour Cite this Article Ramya G, Sundari S, Sukumar S. Experimental Analysis of Filler Slab Using Self-Compacting Concrete. Journal of Construction Engineering, Technology and Management. 2016; 6(3): 15–24p.
Bamboo as Reinforcement Material in Concrete Structures: A Review
Abstract Bamboo is considered to be important building material throughout the world’s tropical and subtropical areas. It is mainly used for housing purposes in rural areas. Bamboo has high strength and low weight, and can be easily worked using simple tools. It is widely recognized as one of the most important non-timber forest resources due to the high socio-economic benefits from bamboo based products. It can replace rebar in certain concrete applications, used as pins in straw-bale construction, to create trusses and other structural members, as decorative elements and has even been used as plumbing. This paper presents the various studies that deal with the use of bamboo as a reinforcement in concrete structures. Keywords: Bamboo, concrete, tensile strength, compressive strength Cite this Article Akshat Dimri, Gaurav Sharma, Anshul Sheokand. Bamboo as Reinforcement Material in Concrete Structures: A Review. Journal of Construction Engineering, Technology & Management. 2016; 6(3): 11–14p.