Research and Industrial Insight: Toxicology

Abstract

Toxicology is a division of biology, chemistry, and medicine related with the study of the special effects of chemicals on breathing organisms. It also studies the injurious effects of chemical, biological and physical mediators in biological system that founds the degree of destruction in living organisms. The correlation between dose and its belongings on the exposed organism is of great importance in toxicology. A factor that inspires the chemical toxicity comprises the dosage (acute or chronic); the course of exposure, the species, age, sex and surroundings. The objective of toxicity valuation is to detect adverse effects of a substance. Adverse properties depend on two major factors: i) Means of exposure (oral, inhalation, or dermal) and ii) Dosage (duration and concentration of exposure). To investigate the dose, constituents are tested in both acute and chronic prototypes. Usually, diverse sets of experiments are accompanied to control whether a substance roots cancer and to scrutinize other practices of toxicity also. Toxicity experimentations may be accompanied in vivo (using the whole animal) or in vitro (testing on isolated cells or tissues), or in silico (in a computer simulation).