Identification of the Effects of Brain Stimulation on Neurophysiology in Parkinson’s Disease Patients: Systematic Review

Abstract

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is after Alzheimer’s disease the most common progressive neurodegenerative disease with prevalence of 150–200/100000. Etiology is not well known except for inheritance. It is associated with various neurophysiologic disorders. The aim is to concise view of various studies about the relation between the brain stimulation either unilateral or bilateral and subthalamic or pallidal on gait patterns, speech defects, cognition, behavior changes, mood swings, tremors and memory. This was a systemic review in which researcher used inclusion criteria as set by PICO to define the question and then underwent various articles on PUBMED, MEDILINE CENTRAL, INMED, textbooks, newspapers, etc., and using PRISMA a systemic review was compiled to illustrate the relation of those different studies. On comparison, it can be concluded that the brain stimulation is an effective treatment for various problems of PD such as gait, balance, tremors, dyskinesia, working memory, reducing the dosage, etc. However it does have some adverse effects on speech, cognition and behavior. Moreover, it also induces psychiatric complications such as OCD, mania, aggression, etc. Therefore researchers suggest that the intervention should be used with precaution and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a better option for brain stimulation.

Keywords: Brain stimulation, Parkinson’s disease, cognition, gait, psychiatric complications, tDCS, PRISMA