Bacteriological Profile and Antibiogram Pattern in Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in Kota Region (Raj)

Abstract

Lower respiratory tract infections are the most frequent infections among patients. The consequences on increased drug resistance are far reaching, since bacterial infection of the lower respiratory tract is a major cause of death from infections disease. This study was focused on obtaining a comprehensive insight into the microbial profile, its prevalence and the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the isolates in lower respiratory tract infections. Sputum specimens were collected from 1800 patients of all the age and sex groups with symptoms of LRTIs. Following culture, the isolated organisms were identified and antimicrobial sensitivity was performed by standard methods. Out of the 1800 sputum culture samples, significant pathogens were isolated in 546 sputum samples. Male (n=380) were found to be more at risk to LRTIs then females (n=166). LRTIs were found more prevalent in 60 years or older age groups. K. pneumoniae (25.30%) was the commonest pathogen isolated, followed by Pseudomonas aeroginosa (21.80%), Staphylococcus aureus (20.14%), Streptococcus pyogenes (9.90%), E. coli (8.24%), Candida albicans (7.90%), Acinetobacter species (4.39%), Citrobacter species (1.46%), Enterobacter species (0.54%) and Proteus species (0.33%). Gram positive organisms showed 90–100% susceptibility to Vancomycin, Levofloxacin, Amikacin and Linezolid; while majority of gram negative organisms had high susceptibility to piperacillin tazobactam, imipenam, cefoperazone/sulbactum, amikacin, and ceftazidimie/tazobactam. The emergence of resistant strains poses a major threat to the patients, globally. The reason for the resistance may be due to indiscriminate use and abuse of drugs, adulteration of drugs and mutation of microorganisms. Before starting empirical antibiotics on patients with moderate to severe lower respiratory tract infections, it is always advisable to obtain sputum for culture and antibiotic sensitivity test. So, inappropriate and irrational drug usage can be avoided.

Keywords: Lower respiratory tract infection, sputum sample

Cite this Article

Dinesh Verma, Pappu Kumar, Naveen Saxena, et al. Bacteriological Profile and Antibiogram Pattern in Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in Kota Region (Raj). Research & Reviews: Journal of Microbiology and Virology. 2016; 6(2): 13–17p.